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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 88 (1984), S. 3397-3400 
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 64 (1977), S. 437-438 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Glyceryl trinitrate ; Isosorbide dinitrate ; Sodium nitroprusside ; Coronary blood flow ; Myocardial oxygen consumption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The influences of glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate and sodium nitroprusside intravenously on haemodynamics, coronary circulation and myocardial oxygen consumption were investigated in closed chest dogs (n=8). In an attempt to simulate heart failure the dogs received blood transfusion (15 ml/kg) in the presence of halothane-induced myocardial depression. All three nitrates reduced the loads for the left ventricle. With isosorbide dinitrate and sodium nitroprusside the preload and pulmonary pressure decreased to a greater extent than with glyceryl trinitrate. The haemodynamic results suggest that sodium nitroprusside is the favourable nitrate in left ventricular failure because it produces a balanced reduction in the ratio of pre- and afterload. Four μg/kg·min sodium nitroprusside induced marked coronary dilatation; glyceryl trinitrate had only a slight coronary vasodilating effect. With isosorbide dinitrate the myocardial blood flow remained well adapted to oxygen demand, the coronary vascular resistance did not change. Sodium nitroprusside produced a significant change of the transmural myocardial blood distribution-expressed as the epi/endocardial blood flow ratio. The ratio was increased by sodium nitroprusside, much more than by glyceryl trinitrate or isosorbide dinitrate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung An intakten Hunden wurde der Einfluß einer isolierten metabolischen Azidose (HCl-Infusion, n=12) auf die Myokarddurchblutung mit den Koronarwirkungen einer durch Hyperkapnie induzierten Azidose (Beatmung mit 5% CO2, n=5) unter den Bedingungen einer Allgemeinnarkose verglichen. Eine metabolische Azidose führte (bei normalen arteriellen Kohlensäuredrucken) unterhalb eines pH-Wertes von 7,2 zu einer Steigerung der Koronardurchblutung, zu einer Abnahme des Koronarwiderstandes und der arterio-koronarvenösen Sauerstoffgehaltsdifferenz, d. h., zu einer primären Koronardilatation bei gleichbleibendem myokardialem Sauerstoffverbrauch. Da sich dieser Effekt bei Tieren, die mit Propranolol vorbehandelt waren, nicht nachweisen ließ, ist anzunehmen, daß eine β-Stimulation unter den gegebenen Versuchsbedingungen mittelbar oder unmittelbar wesentlichen Anteil an den Koronarwirkungen einer metabolischen Azidose hat. Unter den Bedingungen einer Hyperkapnie wurde ebenfalls eine Koronardilatation beobachtet, diese war jedoch deutlich stärker ausgeprägt als bei gleich großer Säuerung mit HCl und ließ sich durch Vorbehandlung mit Propranolol nicht blockieren. Diese Befunde lassen den Schluß zu, daß die koronardilatierende Wirkung hoher arterieller Kohlensäuredrücke nicht auf eine β-adrenerge Stimulation zurückzuführen ist und unabhängig von der begleitenden Zunahme der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration auftritt. Der Wirkungsort wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The effect of metabolic and hypercapnic acidosis on myocardial blood flow was studied during intravenous infusions of hydrochloric acid solutions (n=12) and during passive ventilation with 5% CO2 (n=5) in anaesthetized, closed chest dogs. Below a pH of 7.2 metabolic acidosis at normal arterial CO2-tensions caused an increase of coronary blood flow and a decrease of coronary vascular resistance associated with a narrowed myocardial arteriovenous O2-difference, indicating vasodilation at unchanged myocardial oxygen consumption. In propranolol-pretreated dogs myocardial blood flow and coronary oxygen AV difference remained unaffected, suggesting that the coronary dilatory effect of metabolic acidemia involves beta adrenergic stimulation. Coronary vasodilation induced by increasing arterial pCO2 was found to the significantly greater as compared with the dilatory effect of metabolic acidosis at the same blood pH level. Blocking of beta receptors did not reduce the coronary response to increased arterial CO2-tensions. It is concluded that the coronary vasodilation observed during hypercapnic acidosis is neither mediated by a beta adrenergic stimulation nor dependent of the concomitant change in blood pH. The possible sites of the coronary dilatory actions of increased arterial CO2-tensions are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The adequacy of myocardial oxygen supply was studied during acute progressive isovolaemic hemodilution and during the combination of anaemia and blood loss under three different anaesthetic conditions: neuroleptanalgesia (6 dogs), halothane anaesthesia (1%, 6 dogs) and halothane anaesthesia (1%) plus propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) pretreatment (6 dogs). Acute isovolaemic anaemia was produced by a stepwise exchange of blood with 6% dextran leading to a decrease of the mean hematocrit values from about 45% to about 16%. Myocardial blood flow increased by 224% in the neuroleptanalgesia-group, by 179% in the halothane-group and by 143% in the halothane plus propranolol-group. The changes in MBF were accompanied by a corresponding fall in coronary vascular resistance. Coronary sinus oxygen saturations slightly decreased but remained within the physiological range in each of the three groups. Left ventricular oxygen consumption continuously rose in the dogs with neuroleptanalgesia, the maximum increase was 32%. Only small changes of the myocardial O2-consumption were observed in the halothane-group during moderate degrees of anaemia. LV $$\dot VO_2 $$ in this group significantly increased only when the hematocrit was 20% or less. No significant changes of the left ventricular oxygen consumption occurred in the animals which had received halothane anaesthesia and were pretreated with propranolol. Myocardial lactate extraction decreased but never reached critically low values. The coronary dilatory capacity was shown not to be exhausted under any anaesthetic condition. About 30–40% of this capacity remained at hematocrit values between 10 and 15%. The combination of hemodilution and limited blood loss (15 ml/kg) led to a significant fall in myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption, coronary vascular resistance tended to increase. Coronary sinus oxygen saturation and myocardial lactate extraction changed little in response to the combination of hemodilution and blood loss, indicating that aerobic metabolism was maintained under any anaesthetic condition used in this study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 359 (1983), S. 161-170 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Meckel's diverticulum ; Resection ; Diagnosis, preoperative
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Ein Krankengut von 155 Meckelschen Divertikeln wird analysiert. 122 unkomplizierte Divertikel stehen 33 komplizierten Divertikeln gegenüber. Die Resektion von allen unkomplizierten Divertikeln verlief störungsfrei, bei den komplizierten Divertikeln ereignete sich 1 Todesfall infolge einer Peritonitis nach Divertikel-Perforation. Die Erkennung und Abgrenzung des Divertikels gegenüber anderen abdominellen Krankheitsbildern, zumal der Appendicitis, ist präoperativ nur selten möglich, muß differentialdiagnostisch aber immer in Betracht gezogen werden. Wenn keine speziellen Kontraindikationen vorliegen, ist eine Fahndung und Abtragung des Meckelschen Divertikels stets gerechtfertigt.
    Notizen: Summary A total of 155 cases of Meckel's diverticulum were analyzed: 122 were uncomplicated as opposed to 33 that were complicated. Resection of all uncomplicated diverticula had a course free of difficulty, while there was one death in the cases with complicated diverticula as a result of peritonitis after perforation of the diverticulum. The diagnosis and differentiation of diverticulum from other abdominal clinical pictures, as well as from appendicitis, is usually not possible preoperatively, although differential diagnosis must always be kept in mind. If there are no special contraindications, Meckel's diverticulum is searched for instead and then resected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The influence of anaesthetic agents and propranolol pretreatment on the adequacy of cardiovascular adjustment to progressive normovolaemic hemodilution and to the combination of anaemia and blood loss was studied in a total of 18 dogs which were divided into 3 groups of 6 dogs each. One group received neuroleptanalgesia, the second group was anaesthetized with halothane (1%), group three received halothane (1%) and was pretreated with propranolol (0.5 mg/kg). Acute isovolaemic anaemia was produced by a stepwise exchange of blood with 6% dextran. The total exchange volume was 70 ml/kg which was associated with a decrease of mean hematocrit values from about 45% to 16%. Cardiac output rose continuously with progressive hemodilution, the maximum percentage increases were 39% in the neuroleptanalgesia-group, 59% in the halothane-group and in the animals with halothane anaesthesia and propranolol pretreatment. These changes were due to increases in both heart rate and stroke volume, the greatest percent rise in stroke index (36%) and the least change in heart rate (+18%) being observed in the propranolol-treated dogs. Apart from a small overshoot of the systemic oxygen availability during the initial stages of exchange transfusion in the neuroleptanalgesia- and halothane-group, the reduced arterial oxygen content was not compensated by the increase in cardiac output. Consequently, there was a continuous reduction of the systemic oxygen transport capacity with a maximum decrease of about 40% in either group. Systemic oxygen uptake was maintained over a wide range of hematocrits by an increased extraction of oxygen from blood. Mean arterial pressure essentially remained unaffected in each of the groups, the changes in total peripheral resistance were inverse to that of cardiac output and showed little differences between the three groups in response to exchange transfusions. Left ventricular dP/dt values, left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions indicated an improved ventricular performance and a participation of the Frank-Starling mechanism in the response of the heart to isovolaemic hemodilution. The combination of hemodilution and limited blood loss (15 ml/kg) led to a significant reduction in arterial pressure and cardiac output, but all dogs tolerated this amount of hemorrhage and there was no indication of critical impairment of cardiac performance in any of the 3 groups. No major changes of the acid-base status were observed throughout the study. Thus, the adjustment of the normal cardiovascular system to acute normo- and hypovolaemic hemodilution appeared to be largely independent of the type of anaesthesia and of the presence or absence of betareceptor blockade.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 23 (1984), S. 477-488 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Schlagwort(e): Interacting dumbbells ; concentration dependence ; birefringence ; shear viscosity ; first normal-stress coefficient ; Trouton viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A molecular theory for the rheological properties of moderately concentrated polymer solutions is developed on the basis of a model of interacting dumbbells. The interaction is treated in a mean field approximation, leading to an effective one-particle potential and a Gaussian stationary distribution function. Various rheological functions such as birefringence, shear viscosity and first normal-stress coefficient for simple shear flow and the Trouton viscosity for simple extensional flow are calculated. Good qualitative agreement with experimental observations is found, especially at intermediate flow rates. It is predicted, for example, that the birefringence increases approximately linearly with shear rate at intermediate shear rates and that the concentration dependence of the gradient varies asc 1/2. The typical non-Newtonian behaviour is obtained for the shear viscosity. For small concentrations the onset of shear rate dependence decreases asc −1/2. At intermediate shear rates an apparent power law is obtained with an exponent between − 0.5 and − 1.0, decreasing with concentration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 93 (1977), S. 267-274 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A simple method, involving selective Triton X-100 membrane solubilization, has been developed for the isolation of nuclei from barley and tobacco protoplasts which gives a high yield of essentially pure nuclei. The isolated nuclei resembled those in leaf cells and protoplasts when the isolated nuclei were fixed for short times (2 hours, Medium II), except that their chromatin appeared to be more highly condensed and barley nuclei also lacked the outer nuclear membrane. When longer times of fixation (12 hours, Medium I) were used, the isolated nuclei lacked the characteristic condensed chromatin appearance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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