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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 226 (1970), S. 711-713 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In a new in vitro system, DNA is synthesized semiconservatively at rates of chain growth comparable with replication in vivo. This DNA synthesis is also observed with a strain of E. coli, which lacks DNA polymerase activity in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 17 (1978), S. 205-207 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Orientalistische Literaturzeitung. 67:9/10 (1972:Sept./Okt.) 457 
    ISSN: 0030-5383
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Ethnic Sciences , History
    Notes: Besprechungen
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  • 4
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    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Orientalistische Literaturzeitung. 69:9/10 (1974:Sept./Okt.) 462 
    ISSN: 0030-5383
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Ethnic Sciences , History
    Notes: Besprechungen
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 259 (1976), S. 331-333 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our observations suggested that the induction-specific RNA is a heterogeneous, informational RNA which is transferred to and functions in the cytoplasm independently of concomitant rRNA synthesis and transfer5. These observations were based on the use of the inhibitors actinomycin D and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aminophylline ; Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Cell hybridization ; Monooxygenases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird darüber berichtet, inwieweit Säugetierzellen in Kultur für Untersuchungen des oxidativen Metabolismus von Fremdstoffen geeignet sind. Viele Zellstämme enthalten Monooxygenaseaktivität, die sich durch polycyclische Kohlenwasserstoffe auf ein Mehrfaches induzieren läßt. Gegenwärtig lassen sich jedoch Zellkulturen aus folgenden Gründen nur beschränkt zum Studium der Fremdstoffaktivierung einsetzen: 1) Zellen in Kultur enthalten anscheinend Monooxygenaseformen, die von den in der Leber vorherrschenden Formen verschieden sind. Dies spiegelt sich im unterschiedlichen Metabolismus des Benzpyrens wieder. Foetale Hamsterund Mauszellen scheinen vorwiegend Positionen am Benzo-Ring zu oxydieren, während Lebermikrosomen aus diesen Tierspezies in erster Linie den Pyren-Teil des Moleküls oxidativ angreifen. Schon früher war beobachtet worden, daß Monooxygenasen in Zellkulturen mehr denen in extrahepatischen Geweben ähneln. In Anbetracht der Befunde scheinen Zellen in Dauerkultur gegenwärtig ungeeignet zu sein, als Modell für den hepatischen Metabolismus von Fremdstoffen zu dienen, und nur begrenzt brauchbar zu sein zum generellen Screening gefährlicher Substanzen. 2) In vielen Zellstämmen ist die Aktivität der Monooxygenasen so niedrig, daß der Fremdstoffmetabolismus nicht mehr analytisch erfaßt werden kann. Dem läßt sich in einigen spezifischen Zellstämmen durch Zusatz eines Hemmstoffes der Nucleotid-Phosphodiesterase entgegenwirken. Die durch polycyclische Kohlenwasserstoffe hervorgerufene Induktion kann dadurch um das 2-10fache gesteigert werden. Hybridisierung von somatischen Zellen sollte es ermöglichen, Zellen auszulesen, die sich durch ihre spezifische Ausstattung mit Fremdstoff-metabolisierenden Enzymen auszeichnen. Ein erster Schritt in dieser Richtung wurde mit der Hybridisierung von Mauszellen und menschlichen Knochenmarkzellen getan, die zur vorläufigen Zuordnung eines Gens, das für die Expression der Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Hydroxylase erforderlich ist, zum menschlichen Chromosom 2 führte.
    Notes: Abstract The present studies explore some of the limitations and possibilities of using cultured mammalian cells in the analysis of xenobiotic metabolism by microsomal monooxygenases. A large variety of cells in culture contain monooxygenase activity which is inducible severalfold by polycyclic hydrocarbons. Presently the application of cultured cells to studies of drug activation is restricted mainly by two factors: 1) Cells in culture may contain forms of monooxygenases that differ from those predominating in liver. This is suggested by the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in fetal cells in culture and in liver microsomes of mouse and hamster. These cultured cells appear to oxygenate preferably the benzo ring of benzo(a)pyrene whereas microsomes of liver predominantly attack the pyrene side of the molecule. Earlier studies indicated that monooxygenases in cultured cells resemble in many respects those in extrahepatic tissues. The results suggest that at present cells in long term culture are unsuitable as model for the hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics and limited as tool for a general screening of potentially hazardous chemicals. 2) Monooxygenase activity in many established cell lines is too low to be useful in studies of drug metabolism. In some selected cultures this may be overcome by the use of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor which may increase polycyclic hydrocarbon induced monoxygenase activity 2 fold and in some cell lines more than 10 fold. Selection of cells with specific sets of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism may be facilitated by somatic cell hybridization techniques. A beginning has been made with the preliminary assignment of a locus required for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase expression to human chromsome 2 in hybrids of RAG cells, an established mouse line, and normal human bone marrow cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lung 145 (1971), S. 265-278 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 64 (1977), S. 443-444 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 188 (1973), S. 79-90 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An einem Kaninchen wurde eine praeretinale celluläre Membran, die zur Entstehung fixierter Netzhautfalten geführt hatte, elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Der Entwicklung der Membran waren eine Glaskörperzerstörung, Netzhautverletzung und Glaskörperblutung vorausgegangen. Ein Teil des Glaskörpers war gegen Silikonöl ausgetauscht worden. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß die präretinale Membran aus Müller-Zellfortsätzen und aus Zellen mit astrozytärem Charakter aufgebaut ist. Die Proliferationsöffnungen in der Netzhautoberfläche scheinen eng an die Radiärfasern der Müllerschen Stützzellen gebunden zu sein. Mögliche Ursachen, die zur Entstehung der praeretinalen Membran geführt haben könnten, werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A preretinal cellular membrane which had caused fixed retinal folds was investigated with an electron microscope in a rabbit which had been subjected to vitreous destruction, retinal injury and vitreous bleeding. The membrane consisted of Müller cell processes and cells of astrocytic character. The proliferation openings at the surface of the retina appeared to be connected to the radial fibers of the Müller cells. Possible causes of the preretinal glial proliferation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A joint analysis of recent electron scattering cross sections and muonic atom X-ray energies is performed for208Pb and the isotone pair209Bi/208Pb. From the compatibility of the experimental data one can learn about the nuclear polarisation correction. However, we find this information not to be as accurate as other authors claimed when we take into consideration the ambiguities in the treatment of the corrections of the higher levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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