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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The major ganglion in the pelvic plexus of the male rat (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Autonomic ganglia ; Pelvic plexus ; SIF cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To further evaluate the role of autonomic ganglia in the regulation of pelvic visceral activity, the neural elements in the major pelvic ganglion of the male rat have been studied with histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. The principal findings are that the ganglion is composed of cholinergic and adrenergic ganglion cells as well as small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. Polarity in the ganglion is indicated by clustering of small ganglion cells which stain intensely for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) along the pelvic nerve while larger cells, with weak to moderate AChE activity, collect near small branches of the hypogastric nerve. Some cholinergic ganglion cells are enclosed by a plexus of adrenergic terminals. SIF cells appear to be in contact with both cholinergic and adrenergic cells, although many of the fluorescent beads around adrenergic neurons may be short dendrites of ganglion cells, rather than processes of SIF cells. Two types of SIF cells may be distinguished on the basis of size and morphology of their granulated vesicles. Afferent synapses of the cholinergic type were common on SIF cells of the large granule and small granule type. Portions of SIF cells with large granules occur within the capsule of ganglion cells. Contacts seen here were interpreted as efferent synapses from SIF cells to the dendrites of ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231994
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic deafferentation on adrenergic ganglion cells and small intensely fluorescent cells (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 7 (1978), S. 25-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the reaction of adrenergic ganglion cells and small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells to chronic deafferentation, catecholamine fluorescence of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) of the rat has been studied following section of the hypogastric nerve, pelvic nerve and sympathetic trunk. Only minor changes occurred following section of the hypogastric nerve; the fluorescence surrounding a few adrenergic ganglion cells became brighter. In contrast, pelvic neurectomy resulted in the appearance of numerous varicose fibres and an increase in the fluorescent intensity of fibres enclosing many ganglion cells. Varicose fibres seem to originate from adrenergic ganglion cells and SIF cells. In many instances, nests of SIF cells gave rise to radially oriented fibres. Removal of the sympathetic trunk appeared to have no effect on the MPG. It is suggested that the appearance of varicose fibres from SIF cells following deafferentation may be due to collateral sprouting of these cells or to the increased fluorescence of pre-existing processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213458
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the hypothalamic inferior lobes of the blacktip reef shark: Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976), S. 59-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The inferior lobes of the shark hypothalamus were examined with light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cells bordering the floor of the lateral recess appear to be typical liquor-contacting neurons. With scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the apical ends of these cells are seen to bulge into the ventricular lumen. In contrast, the roof is lined by a more typical ependymal cell characterized by numerous cilia and microvilli. In addition, SEM reveals several kinds of supraependymal cells with processes that appear to penetrate the ventricular lining. A periventricular nucleus underlies the ependymal cells. Neurons of the periventricular nucleus contain numerous lipofuchsin granules. The rest of the inferior lobe consists of many neuronal fibers. The morphology of the hypothalamic inferior lobe is discussed in relation to its possible role in feeding and aggressive behavior in both elasmobranchs and teleosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efferent arterioles in the cortex of the rat kidney (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 187 (1977), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although a number of morphological studies have investigated the vascular system of the rat kidney, minimal data are available on the detailed anatomy of the efferent arterioles located throughout the cortex of the kidney. In the present study, the renal vascular system was filled with Microfil and the various efferent arteriole patterns were examined extensively. The efferent vessels of the entire cortex appear to form three major patterns which in turn divided the cortex into three separate regions: the outer, middle and inner cortex. The efferent arterioles of the outer cortex leave the glomerulus and run perpendicular to the kidney capsule. However, as the efferent arterioles ascend, they may show three variations in the way they branch: (1a) the efferent arteriole does not branch until directly beneath the capsule, (1b) the efferent vessel begins to divide into its major branches 100-200 μm below the surface of the kidney and (1c) the efferent vessel has only a short course before giving off many side branches. In the middle cortical area, the branches of the efferent arteriole run lateral to the glomerulus. However, the efferent arterioles of the inner cortex have a few branches which run lateral to the glomerulus while most of them descend into the medulla as vasa rectae. The unique morphological features of the efferent arterioles of the outer cortex are of particular interest in light of the functional data which suggests that the reabsorption of fluid by peritubular capillaries may indeed regulate the rate of net tubular sodium reabsorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091870202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEM of the proximal tubule of the adult rabbit kidney (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 191 (1978), S. 397-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study utilizes the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal the surface morphology of proximal tubular cells and the parietal cells of Bowman's capsule of the adult rabbit nephron. To facilitate the examination of the basal surface of these cells, proximal tubules were dissected free and treated with collagenase to remove the basememt membrane. Other blocks of tissue were cryofractured to expose the lateral cell surfaces of the proximal tubules. Our investigation has shown that the lateral and basal surfaces of both the convoluted and straight segments of the proximal tubule have numerous processes. However, the arrangement and degree of branching is distinctly different in the two segments. The convoluted segment has large lateral ridges which form at the base of the microvilli and fan out to divide into lateral-basal processes. Many of the lateral-basal processes reach the basement membrane intact, interdigitating with complementary processes from adjacent cells. However, some of the lateral-basal processes branch into short, knobby projections (basal villi) which may also reach the basement membrane. Patches of basal villi are interspersed between broad regions of interdigitating lateralbasal processes. Therefore, in the convoluted segment, the lateral-basal processes form the major part of the basal cell surface. In tubular cells of the pars recta, unlike convoluted tubular cells, the majority of the ridges remain unbranched and pass directly to the basal surface where they divide into elaborate basal villi. Thus the basal surface of the pars recta cells is highly complex, appearing leaf-like, being a composite of numerous basal villi with a few lateral ridges.The basal surface of some parietal cells of Bowman's capsule have parallel ridges, which results in patches of striations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091910402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ringer-locke or blood infusions on the lateral intercellular spaces of the rat proximal tubuleResearch Support by NSF Grant GB 35637X. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 201-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Diuresis and natriuresis follow volume expansion by intravenous infusion of either blood or saline. However, the mechanisms underlying the renal responses seem different for the two types of expansion. It has been suggested that the response to saline expansion is due to changes in physical factors with alterations in the morphology of the lateral intercellular space (LIS). The present study examines the width of the LIS of the proximal tubule after a Ringer-Locke (1%, 2.3%, or 7% body weight) or whole blood (2.3% body weight) infusion and in nonexpanded control. After Ringer-Locke infusion, a significant widening of the LIS of the proximal tubule is seen at all levels of expansion. There is a linera relationship between the level of the Ringer-Locke infusion and the degree of expansion of the LIS. In contrast, after blood volume expansion, the width of the LIS is the same as nonexpanded controls. These studies are consistent with the view that the renal response to saline expansion is mediated at least in part by physical factors affecting the proximal tubule.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of cell surfaces following removal of extracellular material (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 433-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The application of scanning electron microscopy to the study of cell surfaces is limited in intact tissues, because extracellular material may often obscure the details of nonluminal surfaces. To remove connective tissue elements we have treated human skin and both kidney, and an autonomic ganglion of the rat with hydrochloric acid and collagenase. Regional variations in the basal surface of the nephron are noted following removal of the basement membrane. The basilar interdigitations of the cells of the proximal tubule appeared as parallel ridges encircling the tubule. Ridges on the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule were randomly arranged and alternated with smooth surfaces. The dermal surface of the human epidermis has an alveolar or honeycomb appearance due to the elevation of the epidermal ridges and numerous pits for the dermal pegs. At higher magnifications the basal surface of cells of the stratum germinativum possessed numerous and irregular projections. Neurons with their processes are evident in the autonomic ganglion. The soma of the neurons are enclosed by flattened satellite cells. Irregular spaces between opposed satellite cells are interpreted as regions for the passage of processes related to the ganglion cells. Nodes of Ranvier were clearly seen along nerve fibers. Some pitting of the nerve fibers was also noted. The HCl-collagenase method has the advantage of the removal of collagen and basement membrane while preserving the structural integrity of the cell surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850405
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the intrarenal vascular system of the puppy kidney (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 194 (1979), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study investigates the development of the vascular system of the puppy kidney (1-21 days after birth) after preparing casts of the renal vessels. At two days, the intrarenal vascular system distal to the afferent arteriole is strikingly different than that of the adult. The glomeruli of the outer cortex consist of a single dilated vessel while those of the mid and inner cortex possess an increasingly larger number of capillary loops. The efferent arterioles vary greatly in appearance from outer to inner cortex. Those in the nephrogenic zone are characteristically short and narrow and join a larger venous vessel termined a sinusoidal capillary. An efferent system somewhat similar to that of the adult is seen in the mid and inner cortex. One of the most obvious differences noted between the puppy and adult kidney is the relative lack of peritubular capillary networks throughout the cortex of the puppy kidney. The puppy possesses large, irregular vessels termed sinusoidal capillaries. The most rudimentary sinusoids are found in the outer cortex with more mature vessels in the inner cortex. The vascular arrangement of the efferent arteriole and sinusoidal capillary appears as a post-glomerular shunt. Functionally, the shunt would direct blood flow away from the proximal tubule and thus could result in a low extraction ratio and Tm for secreted solutes.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091940202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zonulae occludentes of the rat nephron under conditions of experimental expansion of blood and/or fluid volume (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The zonula occludens (Z.O.) has been implicated as a major pathway for passive fluid movement from lateral intercellular spaces to lumen in response to an expansion of blood or fluid volume. The present study examines the Z.O. of adult rat nephrons in control and Ringer-Locke or whole blood infused animals to determine whether varying the conditions of passive fluid movement would influence the structure of the Z.O. Rats were infused over 20 minutes with Ringer-Locke (7% body weight) or whole blood (2.3% body weight). In the controls, 92%-94% of all Z.O. observed in proximal tubules and 100% of Z.O. from distal tubules and collecting ducts had fused outer leaflets. The approximate linear extent of the Z.O. was 140 Å for proximal tubules, 2,500 ÅR for distal tubules and 3,000 ÅR for collecting ducts. There was no significant difference in any of these values following the infusion with either Ringer-Locke or whole blood. We conclude that expansion of blood or fluid volume causes no detectable alteration in the fine structure of Z.O. under the conditions used in the present study.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maturation of the proximal tubule in the puppy kidney:A comparison to the adult (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 195 (1979), S. 273-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two- to four- day- old beagle puppy kidneys were prepared fortransmission and scanning electron microscopy and compared to similarly prepared adult tissues. proximal tubules of puppy kidneys which contained nephrons in various stages of differentiation were examined andmaturational changes were described. Lateral surface contours of proximal tubular cells were initially smooth and relatively unfolded, but progressively acquired complex processes that may be recognized as lateral ridges and lateral-basal processes. Basal projections began as short, stubby processes and gradually took on either a narrow, plate-like or finger-like appearance. Mitochondria, lysosomes and apical vacuoles increased in number as the tubules matured. Mitochondria lacked orientation in outer cortical tubules, but exhibited some vertical arrangement within basal processes in inner cortical tubules. Despite features indicating advanced maturation of tubules in the inner cortex, puppy kidneys lacked the lipid droplets characteristic of the adult. Thus, differentiation of this portion of the developing nephron into S, S2 and S, segments was notpossible at day 4.Morphometric analyses of the lateral and basal membrane surface concentrationof proximal convoluted tubules from the puppy revealed all cells to have significantly smaller membrane area than that of the adult. However, the inner cortical cells of the puppy had a greater surface concentration than those of the outer cortex. The reduced transport capacity of the puppy proximal tubule may be related to the lack of segmentation and/or reduced lateral-basal surface area.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091950204
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