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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure dependence of the thermolysis of tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetane: the volume of activation and its mechanistic implications (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 98 (1976), S. 8181-8185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00441a049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hysteretic RF SQUID as reactance and the possibility of a phase-sensitive detection on the RF SQUID (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 74 ; 06 ; 85.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown theoretically that a switch process in the hysteretic SQUID leads to a phase shift between the tank circuit voltage and the driving generator current. Considering only a pure switch model the influence of the parametric SQUID inductance will not be taken into account. In the hysteretic mode of the SQUID the tank circuit is not only damped, but also detuned. On the time average the rf SQUID appears as a reactance. Its amplitude and phase depend on the magnetic field applied to the SQUID. In order to simulate the possibility of phase-sensitive detection the spiral description developed by the authors will be brought up. The practical case of a 30-MHz SQUID was simulated on a digital computer wheraby the frequency was varied from the resonance to the − 3 dB bandlimits of the tank circuit. An experiment which detects simultaneously the amplitude of the tank circuit voltage as well as its phase as a function of the magnetic field in the SQUID is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931422
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of group IV afferent units from skeletal muscle to stretch, contraction and chemical stimulation (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 31 (1978), S. 511-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Muscle group IV afferent units ; Muscle pain ; Chemo-nociceptors ; Mechanoreceptors ; Contraction-sensitive receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to differentiate between nociceptive group IV muscle receptors and “ergoceptive” ones, the discharges of single group IV fibres from skeletal muscle in response to local pressure, sustained stretch, repetitive contraction and intra-arterial injections of bradykinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), potassium, phosphate, and lactate were studied in anaesthetized cats. Of the 75 fibres of the study, 5 units were activated by sustained stretch, the responses occurring with a delay. These stretch-sensitive units could not be activated by local pressure or muscular contraction. Thirteen group IV afferents raised their discharge frequency during repetitive contractions. Some of the units responded immediately with the onset of the contractions, whereas the others showed a pronounced delay. Forty-six units were tested with all or most of the above mechanical and chemical stimuli. In 32 afferents a response to at least one of the stimuli was present. Taking only these units into account, several groups of receptors could be distinguished by their different response combinations. One group was activated by pain-producing substances, but not by muscular activity and thus showed nociceptive properties. Another group showed a raised activity during muscular contractions but did not respond to the algesic agents bradykinin and 5-HT. Units belonging to this group might serve as “ergoceptors”. The borderline between the two groups was not sharp, a considerable number of group IV afferents was found which had both nociceptive and “ergoceptive” properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239809
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous receptive fields of cerebellar Purkyně cells of unanesthetized cats (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 27 (1977), S. 319-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Unanesthetized cat ; Cerebellum ; Purkyně cells ; Mossy fiber fields ; Climbing fiber fields ; Cutaneous mechanoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In cats with local anaesthesia the cutaneous receptive fields of individual Purkyně cells of the vermis and pars intermedia of the anterior lobe were assessed by recording the simple spike discharges and climbing fiber responses following controlled mechanical stimulation of the foot pads of all four limbs (taps and pressure stimuli) and of the hairy skin (air jets) of the limbs and the body. 2. Exploring the receptive fields with taps and air jets revealed for the mossy fiber transmitted activity that in a population of 93 cells 37 had small receptive fields from the distal areas of one limb only; 28 had discontinuous receptive fields in two limbs and the others had their receptive fields on three or four limbs (multiple discontinuous fields) or over all or almost all of the body surface (widespread fields). 3. Testing with pressure stimuli to the toe pads inside and outside the receptive fields outlined with taps and air jets led to modifications of the simple spike discharges in 86 of 90 cells investigated in this way. Inclusion of these pressure fields increases the percentage of cells with discontinuous multiple mossy fiber transmitted receptive fields on three or four limbs to nearly 70% of our sample of Purkyně cells. 4. Approximately 50% of the cells with mossy fiber transmitted receptive fields also had climbing fiber transmitted fields. With the climbing fiber input the receptive fields were comparable with those for mossy fiber inputs when exploring with taps or air jets. Some additional climbing fiber transmitted cutaneous receptive fields were found with pressure stimuli. These pressure fields were usually restricted to one or two limbs. 5. These findings imply that the mossy fiber transmitted receptive fields of a given Purkyně cell usually extended over a wider area than the climbing fiber transmitted fields. As a rule the (small) climbing fiber fields were overlapped more or less completely by the (large) mossy fiber fields. 6. The receptive fields were either purely excitatory or partly excitatory and partly inhibitory. Pure inhibitory fields were rare. Within a mixed field no dominant pattern has been detected in regard to the arrangement of the excitatory and inhibitory areas. With the multiple fields from three or four limbs, receptive fields of complex composition seem to be the rule rather than the exception. It appears that in samples of cells like the present, each one has its own individuality in regard to shape and extent and in the intermingling of the excitatory and inhibitory field areas from mossy and climbing fiber inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235507
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mossy and climbing fiber inputs from cutaneous mechanoreceptors to cerebellar Purkyně cells in unanesthetized cats (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 27 (1977), S. 459-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Unanesthetized cat ; Cerebellum ; Mossy fiber input ; Climbing fiber input ; Cutaneous mechanoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Mossy and climbing fiber inputs from cutaneous mechanoreceptors to Purkyně cells of vermis and pars intermedia of the cerebellar anterior lobe were studied in locally anesthetized, paralyzed cats prepared for painless recording sessions. In this preparation the mossy fiber and climbing fiber pathways remain fully functional. Simple spikes and climbing fiber discharges were recorded simultaneously through extracellular glass micro-electrodes and thereafter filtered off from each other for separate, computer-assisted analysis. Controlled mechanical stimulation (air jets, taps, pressure) was performed on the foot pads of all four limbs and on the hairy skin of the limbs and the body. 2. Long term recording of the spontaneous activity of 110 Purkyně cells revealed a simple spike activity of 85 imp./s ± 49 imp./s (mean ± S.D.) and 1.00 ± 0.78 climbing fiber responses per second. 3. Taps to foot pads and air jets to hairy skin revealed that most of the short latency responses via mossy fibers resulted from activation of the receptors of the ipsilateral forefoot. With the same stimuli climbing fiber discharges from the ipsilateral feet were more frequently evoked than from the contralateral feet. Both via mossy and climbing fibers the contralateral hindlimb gave the smallest contribution. 4. Simple spike responses were evoked more commonly by pad stimulation (tap stimuli) than by hair stimulation (air jets). For both types of stimuli excitatory responses were more frequent (3 ∶ 1) than inhibitory ones. Similarly, pad stimulation was more effective than hair stimulation in inducing climbing fiber responses. Ipsilateral stimuli were much more effective than contralateral ones in evoking both simple spike and climbing fiber responses. 5. Steady pressure stimuli modify the Purkyně cell discharges via mossy and climbing fiber pathways. Excitatory and inhibitory effects often of very long duration have been observed via both pathways. Again the ipsilateral forelimb was more effective than the other limbs. Mossy fiber responses were at least three times as common as climbing fiber responses and excitatory responses were more frequent than inhibitory ones. 6. There is no apparent relation between the spontaneous discharge rates of the Purkyně cells and the response magnitudes of the mossy fiber and climbing fiber induced excitatory and inhibitory changes in the impulse pattern of Purkyně cells during steady pressure stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239036
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatotopic studies on the vermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe of unanaesthetized cats (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 27 (1977), S. 479-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Unanaesthetized cat ; Cerebellum ; Cerebellar somatotopy ; Cutaneous mechanoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In unanaesthetized cats with intact neuraxis the relation between the cutaneous receptive fields of Purkyně cells and the position of these cells in the vermis of the cerebellar anterior lobe was studied with the specific question whether this cerebellar area exhibits any kind of somatotopy in the absence of central anaesthesia. To establish the receptive fields the skin of all four limbs and of the trunk was probed with mechanical stimuli (taps, air-jets, pressure). The recording sites in the vermis were determined histologically. 2. In regard to the mossy fiber transmitted input none of the four limbs showed a dominant representation in one or more of the lobules rostral of the fissura prima or in a parasagittal section. For the ipsilateral limbs there is a greater mossy fiber input to lobule V from the forelimb than from the hindlimb (84 ∶ 59%), and a reversed preponderance for lobule II (45 ∶ 80%) but this indication of a somatotopic arrangement is not unequivocally paralleled by the other mossy fiber inputs. 3. Also in regard to the climbing fiber input no distinct somatotopical arrangement has been detected. Again it has been noted that the ipsilateral inputs have a somewhat greater input to lobule V from the forelimb than from the hindlimb (35 ∶ 22%), and the reverse finding holds true for lobule II (10∶ 45%). 4. The overall results did not change appreciably when the responses were grouped according to their latencies or when the Purkyně cells were classified according to the patterns of convergence of their receptive fields. 5. The absence of a distinct somatotopic organization in the vermis is a direct consequence of the considerable convergence from the cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the limbs onto the individual Purkyně cells which occurs via the mossy and the climbing fiber pathways. It is suggested that this convergence indicates that the vermal Purkyně cells are particularly involved in coordinating the motor activity of forelimbs and hindlimbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239037
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability studies with Digoxin-Sandoz® and Lanoxin® (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Digoxin ; bioavailability ; plasma levels ; cumulative urinary excretion ; particle size ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various brands of digoxin tablets, and even different batches of one brand, may differ greatly in bioavailability. Digoxin-Sandoz® tablets have been compared with Lanoxin® manufactured between 1969 and 1972 and after May 1972. Comparisons were also made between and within batches of Digoxin-Sandoz tablets. Three separate cross-over studies were conducted involving a total of 20 volunteers. Digoxin-Sandoz tablets were shown to have a constant bioavailability and to produce plasma concentrations very similar to “new” Lanoxin. Storage for 2 years of one batch of Digoxin-Sandoz did not alter the bioavailability. Particle size was shown to influence bioavailability. Care should be exercised when plasma data alone are interpreted as an index of bioavailability. Measures of bioavailability based on plasma data obtained up to 6 h after administration differed from those based on cumulative urinary excretion data (in this study by a factor of about 2), which can lead to the belief that a difference in bioavailability is much greater than is actually the case. Data from cumulative urinary excretion, collected over a sufficiently long period of time, are likely to be the most reliable method for determining the bioavailability of a substance such as digoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562665
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelographie mit Metrizamide (Amipaque®) (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 40 (1978), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The development of Metrizamide now permits the use of watery non-ionised contrast medium for the whole of the spinal canal. Absence of spinal cord irritation by this substance is confirmed. It permits better demonstration and detail in the thoracic and cervical areas than do other contrast media. Rapid dilution of dye necessitates another technique for examination of the cervical region (puncture for contrast injection at the C 1/2 level). For the examination of the thoracic and thoracolumbar areas fractional doses between alterations in position are helpful. As with other water-soluble materials epileptic fits have occurred with Metrizamide. From the extensive work of the Scandinavian, Belgian, and Dutch authors, it appears that the incidence of this complication is less than one percent. For prophylaxis, care must be taken to avoid the passage of higher concentrations of medium into the cranial cavity. From the literature and from our own experiences it seems that post-myelography symptoms after Metrizamide are about the same as with other watery contrast media. Sometimes their incidence has been reported to be higher. In our own series they were less frequent with cervical than with lumbar use. It can be argued that these symptoms are the result of a low pressure effect and are not specifically an effect of the contrast medium. In agreement with other authors, we are of the opinion that myelography with Metrizamide offers new and improved diagnostic possibilities. This applies particularly to the cervical and thoracic regions of the spinal canal.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung des nicht-ionisierenden wäßrigen Kontrastmittels Metrizamide erlaubt erstmals seine Anwendung im gesamten Spinalkanal. Eine der Voraussetzungen dafür — die fehlende Reizung des Rückenmarkes — ist für dieses Kontrastmittel gegeben. Damit verbunden gelingt eine ausgezeichnete und bislang mit anderen Kontrastmitteln nicht bekannte Detailerkennbarkeit im Zervikal- und Thorakalbereich. Der rasch einsetzende Verdünnungseffekt macht für Untersuchungen der Zervikalregion jedoch eine andere Applikations- und Untersuchungstechnik erforderlich (Punktion zur Kontrastmittelinjektion in Höhe von C 1/2). Für die Untersuchungen des thorakolumbalen Überganges und der Thorakalregion sind fraktionierte Eingaben zwischen den Kippungsvorgängen sinnvoll. p ]Wie bisher bei jedem wasserlöslichen Kontrastmittel, kann es auch bei Verwendung von Metrizamide zum Auftreten epileptischer Anfälle kommen. Gemessen an dem großen Untersuchungsgut skandinavischer, belgischer und holländischer Autoren, ist diese Komplikation seltener als 1%. Zur Prophylaxe sollte vermieden werden, daß das Kontrastmittel in höherer Konzentration bei der Applizierung oder später in den intrakraniellen Raum gelangt. Nach Literatur und eigenen Erfahrungen entsprechen die postmyelographischen Beschwerden bei Verwendung von Metrizamide in etwa denjenigen anderer wäßriger Kontrastmittel. Zum Teil werden sie auch in einem höheren Prozentsatz angegeben. Im eigenen Untersuchungsgut waren sie bei zervikaler Applikation geringer als bei lumbaler. Dies kann mit als Hinweis dafür genommen werden, daß die Ursache hierfür in einem Liquorunterdrucksyndrom und nicht als kontrastmittelspezifisch anzusehen ist. In Übereinstimmung mit anderen Autoren sind wir der Ansicht, daß die Myelographie mit Amipaque® neue und verbesserte diagnostische Möglichkeiten bietet. Dies gilt insbesondere für den Zervikal- und Thorakalbereich des Wirbelkanales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01773124
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HEAT-INDUCED GELATION OF PEANUT PROTEIN/WHEY PROTEIN BLENDS (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Whey protein concentrate dispersions formulated at 7.5% or more of protein formed strong gels when heated at temperatures above 80°C. Quantitative gel strength calculated from penetration force data generally increased with heating temperature to 110°C. Increasing pH from 7.0 to 9.0 generally decreased the gel strength of whey protein concentrate. At a total protein concentration of 10%, gel strength was lower when peanut flour protein was 25% or more of a mixture with whey protein. Only weak gels were formed with heating protein blends formulated with peanut protein at greater than 50% of total protein. Sodium chloride (up to 0.5M) and calcium chloride (up to 30 mM) increased gel strength of whey protein and blended systems, but decreased gel strength of dispersions containing only peanut flour. Calcium chloride at 30 mM destroyed gelation ability of peanut flour causing protein precipitation. Gel strength of whey protein increased with moderate cysteine addition and was maximum at a level of 25 mM cysteine. Addition of 100 mM cysteine dramatically reduced whey protein gel strength. Cysteine addition decreased gel strength of peanut flour dispersions and had a varied effect on blended protein systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02366.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF DIALYSIS ON HEAT-INDUCED GELATION OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 2 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Time required for gelation of 10% protein dispersions of commercial whey protein concentrate (WPC) heated at 100°C was influenced by preparation technique. Gel times ranged from 1.25 to greater than 30 min. Dialysis of a rapid gelling WPC resulted in the formation of stronger, more cohesive, less springy, more gummy, more chewy and more translucent gels with heating (100° C for 15 min) at 10% protein than did non-dialyzed WPC. Addition of CaCl2 or NaCl to the dialyzed WPC increased gel strength more dramatically than did salt addition to non-dialyzed WPC. Resistance to penetration and hardness of dialyzed whey protein gels maximized with CaCl2 addition from 5.0 to 20 mM and decreased with 25 mM CaCl2 addition. In non-dialyzed whey protein gels, resistance to penetration maximized at 25 mM added CaCl2 while hardness values maximized at 5.0 mM CaCl2. Addition of 0.2 to 0.5 M NaCl increased resistance to penetration of both whey protein gel systems. Hardness values for dialyzed WPC gels maximized at 0.1 to 0.3 M NaCl and decreased at 0.4 M or greater added NaCl. Hardness values of non-dialyzed WPC were only slightly affected by NaCl addition. Addition of CaCl2 at 5 mM or greater or NaCl at 0.1 Af or greater decreased cohesiveness and springiness of dialyzed WPC gels. Cohesiveness of non-dialyzed WPC gel systems was maximal at 10 mM CaCl2 or 0.2M NaCl. Salt had no apparent effect on springiness of the non-dialyzed WPC gels. Gumminess data followed similar trends to those observed for hardness with respect to salt effects in WPCgel systems. Maximum chewiness values for both WPC gel systems were apparent with addition of 5.0 to 10 mM CaC12 or with addition of0.1 to 0.3 M NaCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1978.tb00551.x
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