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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of naturally occurring substances. XXV. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of tobramycin and related antibiotics (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 96 (1974), S. 3300-3305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00817a045
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The safety of ranitidine in over a decade of use (1997)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac) is one of the most extensively studied and widely used drugs of all time. This has provided an excellent opportunity to define its safety profile. Methods: Data from 189 controlled clinical trials in which more than 26000 patients received daily doses of ranitidine for 4 weeks or more were reviewed. More than 80% of patients were treated with up to 300 mg ranitidine daily; the remaining patients received doses of up to 1200 mg daily. Eighty-seven trials were placebo controlled. Analyses of post-marketing surveillance and a database of all spontaneously reported adverse events were also evaluated. Results: Overall in the clinical trial programme adverse events were reported by 20% of those receiving ranitidine compared with 27% of those receiving placebo. The pattern of events was similar in all treatment groups with no evidence of dose-related toxicity in regimens encompassing an eightfold range of therapeutic doses. Similarly in a programme of studies designed to evaluate a dose of ranitidine of 75  mg for non-prescription (over-the-counter) use in the treatment of heartburn, ranitidine was not associated with an adverse event profile distinct from that of placebo. Analysis of spontaneously reported adverse event data allowed identification of rare idiosyncratic events. Conclusions: Review of data from a large population of controlled clinical trials with analyses of postmarketing surveillance studies and spontaneously reported adverse events confirmed the excellent safety profile of ranitidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.136312000.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARBOHYDRATE-MODULATED GENE EXPRESSION IN PLANTS (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47 (1996), S. 509-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plant gene responses to changing carbohydrate status can vary markedly. Some genes are induced, some are repressed, and others are minimally affected. As in microorganisms, sugar-sensitive plant genes are part of an ancient system of cellular adjustment to critical nutrient availability. However, in multicellular plants, sugar-regulated expression also provides a mechanism for control of resource distribution among tissues and organs. Carbohydrate depletion upregulates genes for photosynthesis, remobilization, and export, while decreasing mRNAs for storage and utilization. Abundant sugar levels exert opposite effects through a combination of gene repression and induction. Long-term changes in metabolic activity, resource partitioning, and plant form result. Sensitivity of carbohydrate-responsive gene expression to environmental and developmental signals further enhances its potential to aid acclimation. The review addresses the above from molecular to whole-plant levels and considers emerging models for sensing and transducing carbohydrate signals to responsive genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.509
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoisomerizations in the α-Tropolone Series: The Mechanistic Path of the α-Tropolone Methyl Ether to Methyl 4-Oxo-2-cyclopentenylacetate Conversion1 (1963)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 85 (1963), S. 2616-2621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00900a021
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  • 5
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    Ezra and the Origins of Judaism (1974)
    Manchester : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Semitic studies. 19 (1974) 173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4480
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Ethnic Sciences
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4126-1974-019-00-000008
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grammaspektrometrische und flammenphotometrische Untersuchungen über Kaliumgehalt und Kaliumverteilung im Menschen (1964)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 2 (1964), S. 87-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei gesunden Normalpersonen wurde gammaspektrometrisch über die Gamma-Emission des im natürlichen Kalium enthaltenen Isotops K40 der Gesamtkörper kaliumgehalt gemessen. Der Mittelwert von GKK betrug bei Männern 1,68 gK/kg, bei Frauen 1,51 gK/kg mit einer Schwankungsbreite ≤± 15% (n=92). Die flammenphotometrisch gemessene Kaliumkonzentration im Plasma von Normalpersonen war 4,03 mäq/l±0,26, die gleichzeitig gemessene Kaliumkonzentration im Erythrozytensediment 90,9 mäq/l Sediment±2,6 (n=57). Bei gesunden Versuchspersonen wurden die drei genannten Kaliumparameter gleichzeitig gemessen und die Veränderung dieser Größen bei der durch ein Saluretikum verursachten experimentellen Kaliumverarmung verfolgt. Während einer Versuchsperiode von 7 Tagen nahm der Gesamtkörperkaliumgehalt bei Einnahme vonChlorthalidon (2×100 mg/Tag) im Mittel um 7,7%, die Kaliumkonzentration in Plasma bzw. Erythrozyten um 27,5% bzw. 3,1% ab. Erythrozyten stellen unter den hier gewählten Versuchsbedingungen ein Zellsystem dar, das qualitativ Änderungen der Kaliumkonzentration des intrazellulären Raumes anzeigt. Das Ausmaß des Kaliumverlustes ist jedoch bei anderen Zellsystemen größer, wie sich aufgrund der Bestimmung des Gesamtkörperkaliumgehaltes nachweisen läßt. Die Bedeutung der Bestimmung verschiedener Kaliumparameter beim Menschen für die klinische Beurteilung pathologischer Zustände wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225501
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Robust Kalman filter for rank deficient observation models (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 72 (1998), S. 436-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Kalman filter ; Robust estimation ; Rank deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. A robust Kalman filter is derived for rank deficient observation models. The datum for the Kalman filter is introduced at the zero epoch by the choice of a generalized inverse. The robust filter is obtained by Bayesian statistics and by applying a robust M-estimate. Outliers are not only looked for in the observations but also in the updated parameters. The ability of the robust Kalman filter to detect outliers is demonstrated by an example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050183
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1972)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 272 (1972), S. 458-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501254
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Methyl-digoxin (1972)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 272 (1972), S. 46-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cardioglycoside ; Labelled Compound ; Drug Metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary β-Methyl-digoxin was much more resistant to enzymatic degradation than digoxin, β-acetyl-digoxin and digitoxin. Only in the bile was an appreciable percentage of the radioactivity attributable to a hydrophilic metabolite. The distribution volume of β-methyl-digoxin increased with time, but was independent of the dose and of the mode of administration. The blood levels during i. v. infusion and after i. d. injection can be used for calculating the speed of absorption during the first 20 min only. The correlations between blood levels and pharmacodynamic activity were investigated by varying the dose injected intraduodenally or the speed of i. v. infusion. Although the effective doses were constant, the blood levels expected at the onset of arrhythmias decreased with decreasing speed of administration. Signs of acute tolerance were observed when the experiment lasted for more than 30 min. In the heart, the equilibrium between blood and tissue levels of radioactivity was reached sooner than in the rest of the body. Whereas maximal blood levels were observed about 30 min after oral administration in man, they continued to rise for at least 60 min after i.d. injection in guineapigs. This confirms earlier observations that β-methyl-digoxin is absorbed more rapidly in man than in guinea-pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498793
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrarenal actions of aldosterone antagonists in guinea pigs (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 279 (1973), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Aldosterone Antagonists ; β-Methyl-Digoxin ; Guinea Pigs ; Potassium ; Cardiac Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of aldosterone antagonists on the cardiotoxicity of β-methyl-digoxin in guinea pigs were investigated in vivo and in vitro. 1. Three days of pretreatment with spironolactone influenced neither plasma concentrations, urinary output and tissue distribution of radioactivity after intravenous injection of β-methyl-digoxin nor the pattern of lipid soluble metabolites in the urine. 2. Spironolactone injected intraduodenally 1 h before the infusion of β-methyl-digoxin decreased the cardiotoxicity of the latter if hypokalemia was reduced or prevented by giving 0.4–1.0 mEq/kg KCl 1 h before β-methyl-digoxin. 3. Three days of pretreatment with canrenoate-K decreased the cardiotoxicity of β-methyl-digoxin in vivo without the administration of KCl. 4. Isolated hearts from guinea pigs pretreated with canrenoate-K for 3 days tolerated the perfusion with toxic concentrations of β-methyl-digoxin better than those from controls although the rate of potassium extrusion from the heart was not decreased. 5. The addition of canrenone to the fluid perfusing isolated hearts decreased the potassium extrusion produced by and the toxicity of β-methyl-digoxin. The results suggest that the decreased glycoside toxicity is due to the stimulation of inward transport of potassium by aldosterone-antagonists described in the preceding paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502063
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