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  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1970-1974  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new approach to minimizing the number of animals used in acute toxicity testing and optimizing the information of test results (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 51 (1982), S. 197-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Acute toxicity ; LD50 method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 170 acute toxicity determinations, carried out in rats, mice, and guinea pigs after oral and parenteral administration during the past 5 years, using 5 ♂/5 ♀ animals per dose, were evaluated with respect to the possibility of a reduction of animals necessary for obtaining LD50 values with limits of confidence. Calculations were performed on existing data; no additional animal experiments were initiated for the purpose of this paper. For the majority of substances 3 ♂/3 ♀ animals per dose would have sufficed for the determination of a LD50 value with limits of confidence. Even when using 2 ♂/2 ♀ animals per dose, in most cases sufficently acceptable LD50 values can be determined, if the period of observation — conventionally 4 weeks — would be doubled. Using this procedure, 75% of the animals could be saved. The reduced number of animals and the labor saved thereby would allow for a more individualized observation of single animals thus optimizing the evaluation of acute toxicity testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348853
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Korngefügeanalytische Untersuchungen der Siderit-Lagerstätte Hüttenberg (Kärnten) (1980)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 27 (1980), S. 233-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The extensive siderite mineralization of the Hüttenberg deposit is restricted to marble series of the “Saualm Crystalline”. The Ordovician to Devonian age of this metamorphic complex and its Variscan structure is well substantiated. Large-scale tectonic investigations show that the main directions of the B-axes of all types of rocks occurring within the deposit have the same directions. This is also confirmed by investigations of the grain texture: B- as well as S-tectonite orientation can be found. The macroscopically visibles is also attributed to this strong Variscan folding as (h0l)-plane. The axial directions which can be inferred from this orientation coincide exactly with the Variscan large-scale and small-scale folds. Influence of a pre-Variscan or Alpidic phase can also be observed. There is also a distinct orientation of growth fabric. No clear conclusions could be drawn, however, as to their origin. The detection of metasomatic processes neither gives any information as to the process of enrichment nor does it mean that the entire content of the deposit has been added by metasomatic exchange of matter. It is concluded that a mobilization of already existing iron has taken place during the Variscan orogenesis. Such depositional processes could be released to a minor extent only by the fracture tectonics of the Alpidic orogenesis. Thus, quantitative evidence is provided for the first time to show that this “metasomatic” deposit has, in fact, been derived from pre-metamorphic sedimentary iron concentrations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die mächtigen Sideritvererzungen der Lagerstätte Hüttenberg sind auf Marmorzüge des Saualmkristallins beschränkt, dessen ordovizisch-silurisch-devonisches Alter und dessen durch die variszische, synmetamorphe Orogenese geprägter Bau heute als weitgehend gesichert angesehen wird. Großtektonische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die B-Achsenhauptrichtungen aller im Bereich der Lagerstätte auftretenden Gesteinstypen, einschließlich derer der vererzten Partien, gleichgerichtet sind. Das wird auch durch die Korngefügeuntersuchungen bestätigt: deutlich tritt sowohl eine B- wie auch S-Tektonitregelung hervor, wobei dieser starken Formung auch das makroskopisch sichtbares als (h0l)-Fläche zuordenbar ist und die aus der Tektonitregelung erschließbaren Achsen in ihrer Richtung mit den variszisch angelegten Groß- und Kleinfalten übereinstimmen. Eine die variszische Orogenese überdauernde Thermometamorphose hat die bestehenden Regelungen nicht verwischt, ein Einfluß einer vorvariszischen oder einer alpidischen Phase ist im Korngefüge nicht nachweisbar. Erhalten sind auch Wachstumsgefügeregelungen, die aber wegen ihrer Mehrdeutigkeit keine klaren Schlußfolgerungen über ihre Entstehung erlauben. Die Korngefügeuntersuchungen bestätigen auch, daß der Metasomatose bei der Ausbildung der Lagerstätte in ihrer heutigen Form eine wesentliche Rolle zukommt. Der Nachweis metasomatischer Prozesse sagt aber nichts über den eigentlichen Eisenanreicherungsvorgang aus und bedeutet keinesfalls, daß der Lagerstätteninhalt durch metasomatischen Stoffaustausch zugeführt wurde. Es wird vielmehr auf eine Mobilisation schon primär vorhandenen Eisens durch Druck- und Temperaturerhöhung während der variszischen Orogenese und der damit verbundenen Thermometamorphose geschlossen; die Bruchtektonik der alpidischen Gebirgsbildungsphase konnte solche lagerstättenbildende Prozesse nur mehr in geringem Maß auslösen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01159263
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung des mittleren volumetrischen Grasanteiles in Zweiphasenströmungen aus Verweilzeitspektren mit Hilfe eines lumineszierenden Indikators (1971)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 4 (1971), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A measurement technique which does not disturb the flow characteristics is described for determining the void fraction of an adiabatic two-phase flow system. In order to employ this technique, a luminescent tracer is uniformly dispersed in the liquid phase and activated by an UV electronic flash at the beginning of the test section. A photo multiplier tube at the end of the test section is then employed to continuously record, as a function of time, the light intensity emitted by the activated tracer particles. This recorded signal, after suitable corrections, can then be employed to compute the residence time distribution of the tracer particles and thus also of the liquid flowing through the test section. From this information the mean residence time may be calculated which in turn allows the computation of the average void fraction within the test section. The approximate liquid flow character and velocity distribution may also be evaluated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Meßmethode beschrieben, die es gestattet, ohne Störung der Strömung den mittleren volumetrischen Gasanteil einer adiabaten Zweiphasenströmung zu bestimmen. Dazu wird ein in der Kreislaufflüssigkeit dispergierter lumineszierender Indikator vor Eintritt in eine Meßstrecke durch einen UV-Blitz in wenigenμ s zum Leuchten angeregt und das am Austritt der Meßstrecke von den angeregten Teilchen emittierte Licht mit einem Photomultiplier in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit gemessen. Aus dem sich so ergebenden Antwortsignal, das nach Anbringen von Korrekturen das Verweilzeitspektrum der Indikatorteilehen bzw. der Flüssigkeit in der Meßstrecke darstellt, kann zum einen die mittlere Verweilzeit der flüssigen Phase und daraus der mittlere volumetrische Gasanteil der Zweiphasenströmung berechnet werden, zum anderen sind Aussagen über die Geschwindigkeitsverteilung der flüssigen Phase und den Charakter der Strömung möglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01929755
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for shape deformations of fragments in deep inelastic collisions (1980)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 294 (1980), S. 289-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The number and energy spectra of neutrons evaporated by the heavy and light fragments in deep inelastic collisions have been obtained for the system 240 MeV40Ar +197Au. They indicate that at the scission point the deformation energy is a large part of the total excitation energy espe cially for the light fragment. In the last two years, neutron emission has been studied in deep inelastic reactions1−6. All the results are similar: the incident energy which is lost during the process is transformed into excitation energy of the final fragments and is shared between the two products proportionnally to their masses. This means that the nuclear temperature was uniform in the composite system. The excitation energy equilibration time is really very short since equilibration is achieved after reaction times as small as 10−22 s2,6. Moreover, no preequilibrium emission (direct neutrons-) has been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01438169
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Search for localization of 'fast fission' in angular momentum (1982)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 309 (1982), S. 183-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mass distributions of fission-like fragments from the system 271 MeV40Ar+165Ho have been measured as a function of the angle. An expected dependence of the mass distribution width on angle due to the claimed contribution of “fast fission” could not be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414980
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaporation residue cross sections from the fusion of52Cr+110Pd (1980)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 298 (1980), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Evaporation residue cross sections for the fusion of52Cr and110Pd were studied at four energies close to the barrier (up toE CM −E B =26 MeV). The cross sections were analysed using a multiple-chance fission/evaporation calculation. Agreement with the data is obtained with a fission barrier reduced by 40 to 20%, depending on incident energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418658
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light particle coincidences with gross structure in energy spectra from the40Ca+40Ca collision (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 299 (1981), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Angular correlations between light charged particles and heavy ion fragments from the40Ca+40Ca collision have been investigated. The high excitation energy structure previously observed in inclusive experiments is strongly populated in coincidence with protons for calcium and potassium fragments, with alphas for argon fragments. Particles emitted in coincidence with the structure are strongly focused and have a velocity close to the velocity of the beam, whereas the yield of evaporation decay is very small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01415744
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two different sources of fast forward-emittedα-particles in heavy-ion reactions (1983)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 314 (1983), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For the reaction 290 MeV20Ne+197Au the number of neutrons emitted in coincidence withα-particles is used to discriminate between two equally important but qualitatively different mechanisms for the emission of fastα-particles. They are connected with low and high inelasticity, respectively, and the resultingα-particles differ in mean velocity and velocity distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01879872
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light particle emission in quasi-elastic heavy-ion reactions (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 300 (1981), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Angular and energy correlations betweenα-particles and quasi-elastic projectile-like heavy ions have been measured for36Ar+197Au collisions atE LAB=380MeV. The majority of the observed coincident events can be understood in terms of a statistical emission process whereas only a small fraction of the events, mainly at forward angles, can be attributed to a direct process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412615
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast emission ofα-particles in deep-inelastic36Ar+197Au collisions (1982)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 309 (1982), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Angular and energy correlations betweenα-particles and deep-inelastic projectile-like fragments were measured for the system36Ar+197Au atE Lab=380 MeV. At most half of the coincident events can be attributed to statistical emission ofα-particles from the fully accelerated projectile-like fragments. The remainder of the events may be due to direct emission during the first 10−22 s of the scattering process and to preequilibrium processes taking place within some 10−21 s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420150
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