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  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 2 (1973), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Thin MnBi films ; Coercive force ; Rayleigh curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Statistical Rayleigh-curve theory is applied to thin evaporated MnBi films in order to obtain information concerning the density of wall pinning centra. The treatment results in a prediction of the coercive forceH c and the average distance between adjacent wall pinning centra, 2L 0. The coercive forceH cis also measured experimentally. The results of the two methods are in good agreement with each other. The influence of dislocations on the coercive force is discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    De economist 121 (1973), S. 387-402 
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary Why do people want a boycott or embargo? Sometimes they want to change a regime in another country. Then, success is probable only with an unstable regime and when the action is sudden and drastic. Sometimes the idea is to change the balance of power in relation to a potential enemy. In this case, more attention ought to be given to creation of bottlenecks and to the timing of actions. In most cases boycott and embargo are unsuccessful and inspired by an irrational moralistic attitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 33 (1978), S. 551-576 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Calculations have been performed on superconducting constrictions with hyperbolic geometry. Stationary Ginzburg-Landau equations are used, neglecting magneticfields. Emphasis is placed on the difference between two-and three -dimensional constrictions, which is related to the difference between uniform-thickness (UT) and variable-thickness (VT) superconducting microbridges. The width of the constriction w, normalized to the coherence length ξ is indicated by the parameter A (≃ w/2ξ). It is found that small (A 〈 0.1), three-dimensional constrictions and VT bridges have a sinusoidal current-phase relation, linear temperature dependence of the critical current I c, and an I cR product (Ris the normal state resistance) equal to the Ambegaokar-Baratoff expression for Josephson junctions near T c. Two-dimensional constrictions behave as if they consist of an inner core with junction properties, in series with the films on both sides. The core consists of the region within a coherence length from the center of the structure. This size is temperature dependent. The core shows a sinusoidal current-phase relation and IcR according to Ambegaokar and Baratoff. For the whole constriction neither the phase difference nor R is finite. Two-dimensional constrictions have linear temperature dependence only when they are extremely narrow (A 〈 0.001). In two-dimensionalbridges the order parameter is depressed cover a distance of approximately the coherence length; in small three-dimensional constrictions this distance is approximately equal to the width. In narrow constrictions (and short microbridges) the current is not homogeneously distributedover the cross section. The effect has been investigated that occurs when in three-dimensional constrictions the width w is not much larger than l 0, the electron mean free path in the basic material. To this purpose a Ginzburg-Landau equation is derived from the Zaitsev boundary conditions which is valid for continuously changing material parameters. The critical current is decreased, but the IcR product remains constant.The results of the calculations are compared with experimental results for superconducting microbridges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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