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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lymph ; Proteins ; Immunoglobulins ; Isoenzymes ; Peptides ; Lymphe ; Proteine ; Immunglobuline ; Isoenzyme ; Peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Proteine aus Ductus thoracicus-Lymphe von 7 Patienten mit Lebercirrhose wurden mit Blutseren derselben Patienten sowie mit Lymph- und Blutseren von Normalpersonen nach Konzentration, elektrophoretischem Verhalten im Polyacrylamidgel, immunologischen Eigenschaften und Enzymgehalt verglichen. Auffallend war in den Lymphseren ein relativ geringer IgM-Gehalt, ein teilweise erhöhter IgA-Gehalt, eine hohe Albuminkonzentration, ein lebertypisches LDH-Isoenzymmuster, in 2 Lymphseren das Vorkommen eines lebereigenen Proteins und in einigen pathologischen Lymphseren das Auftreten eines Glykopeptids in hoher Konzentration.
    Notes: Summary The proteins of the thoracic duct lymph and blood serum from seven patients with liver cirrhosis and from normal persons were characterized by protein determination, electrophoresis on polyacrylamid gel, as well as by immunological and enzymatic methods. Differences between lymph and blood sera were observed. The lymph sera showed a low IgM content, a partially elevated IgA content, high albumin concentration, and altered LDH-isoenzyme pattern. In some lymph sera high concentrations of soluble protein from the liver and a glycopeptide were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 14 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 218 (1974), S. 379-386 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Electrolyte ; Endogenous Depression ; Antidepressant Drugs ; Thymoleptics ; Therapeutic Sleep Deprivation ; Elektrolyte ; endogene Depression ; Thymoleptica ; antidepressive Medikamente ; therapeutischer Schlafentzug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 31 depressiven Kranken (16 mit monopolarer endogener- und 17 mit neurotischer Depression) wurde der Einfluß des therapeutisch angewandten Schlafentzuges auf Natrium und Kalium im Serum und in den Erythrocyten, Calcium und Chlor im Serum, Hämoglobin, Erythrocytenzahl und Hämatokrit untersucht. Bei 17 von diesen Kranken wurden die gleichen Untersuchungen während einer 4wöchigen Behandlung mit dem Thymolepticum Amitriptylin fortgesetzt. Nach Schlafentzug waren deutlichere und z.T. andere (gegensinnige) Elektrolytveränderungen festzustellen als unter thymoleptischer Behandlung. Die wichtigsten Befunde nach Schlafentzug sind: Ansteigen der Serum-Calcium-Werte und Abfallen des Hämatokrit. Sowohl nach Schlafentzug als auch unter thymoleptischer Therapie traten ein: Absinken des Verhältnisses von intracellulärem zu extracellulärem Kalium, Abfall der Chloridkonzentration im Serum und des Hämatokrit.
    Notes: Summary The influence of sleep deprivation on sodium and potassium in serum and in erythrocytes, on calcium and chlorides in serum, on haemoglobin, on the number of erythrocytes and on haematocrit was tested in 31 depressive patients (16 with monopolar endogenous depression and 17 with neurotic depression). In some of these patients the same examinations were continued throughout 4 weeks' therapy with amitriptyline. The changes after sleep deprivation were more pronounced than and in part quite different from those under thymoleptic therapy. The most important findings after sleep deprivation were an increase of calcium in the serum and a decrease in haematocrit values. A decrease of the proportion of intracellular to extracellular Potassium and a decrease of chlorides and haematocrit values were noted both after sleep deprivation and during thymoleptic medication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Unterbindung der Vena cava caudalis bei trächtigen Kaninchen konnte in jedem Falle ein intrauterines Absterben der Feten bewirkt werden. Durch Veränderung des zeitlichen Abstandes zur Explorativlaparotomie mit makroskopischer und mikroskopischer Untersuchung der Feten und Placenten konnten typische Veränderungen, die in direkter Relation zur Dauer der venösen Rückflußbehinderung standen, nachgewiesen werden. In einem Zusatzversuch wurde gezeigt, daß die Feten nach der Unterbindung der Vena cava innerhalb der ersten 10 min absterben, ohne daß zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits wesentliche mikroskopisch faßbare Placentaveränderungen bestehen. Ursächlich wird für diesen Sachverhalt in Übereinstimmung mit den spärlichen bereits vorliegenden Angaben aus der Literatur ein kurzzeitiger, steiler Druckanstieg im venösen Schenkel der utero-placentaren Zirkulation mit konsekutiver Hypoxie angenommen. Die histologisch nachweisbaren Placentaveränderungen sind sicher sekundärer Natur. Es kommt zur hämorrhagischen Infarzierung der Placenta und zur Ausbildung regressiver Veränderungen in diesem Organ. Vergleiche zwischen den vorgelegten tierexperimentellen Untersuchungsergebnissen und unseren Vorstellungen über die Pathophysiologie des Vena-cava-inferior-Syndroms und seine Auswirkungen auf die utero-placentare Zirkulation und den Zustand des Feten drängen sich auf.
    Notes: Summary By ligature of the vena-cava-caudalis in pregnant rabbits it has always been possible to cause an intra-uterin death of the fetus in all cases. In changing the temporal distance between ligature and exploration by the way of laparotomy the authors could show typical alterations at the fetuses and the placenta with direct relation to the obstruction of the venous backflow by macroscopical and histological investigations. It was demostrated that the fetuses in about 10 minutes after cliping the vena-cava-inferior died. It was impossible to find pathological changes at the fetus or the placenta after this time. The authors assume, that the fetuses died by hypoxemia as the result of the acute increase of the venous pressure in the utero-placental circulation. Histological findings in the placenta appear later. There will be haemorrhagic infarction and regressive alterations in this organ. It is taken a comparision between the findings of this studies in rabbits and the effect of the supine hypotensive syndrom to the fetus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 8 (1972), S. 334-355 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während der Zeit stärkster Wasseranspannung, am Ende der Trockenzeit, wurde der Einfluß der Klimafaktoren auf Nettophotosynthese, Dunkelatmung und Transpiration von Pflanzen in der Negev-Wüste untersucht. Versuchsobjekte waren Wildpflanzen (Artemisia herba-alba, Hammada scoparia, Noaea mucronata, Reaumuria negevensis, Salsola inermis, Zygophyllum dumosum), Kulturpflanzen der Sturzwasserfarm Avdat (Prunus armeniaca, Vitis vinifera) und künstlich bewässerte Arten (Citrullus colocynthis, Datura metel). 1. Lichtsättigung der Nettophotosynthese findet entsprechend der ungehinderten Enstrahlung am Wüstenstandort zwischen 60 und 90 klx statt. 2. Bei Bezug auf das Trockengewicht der Assimilationsorgane übertreffen die maximalen apparenten Photosyntheseraten der mesomorphen, bewässerten Fflanzen die der Wildpflanzen um das Zehnfache. Im Vergleich zu den übrigen Arten erreichen die Wildpflanzen bei Bezug auf die Oberfläche demgenüber höhere Werte. Bezogen auf den gesamten Chlorophyllgehalt liegen die maximalraten der Nettophotosynthese von Salsola und Noaea in der gleichen Größenordnung wie die von Datura, Citrullus und Wein. Selbst Hammada erreicht höhere Werte als die Aprikose. Daraus wird die hohe Photosynthesefähigkeit der Wildpflanzen am Ende der Trockenzeit deutlich. 3. In Anpassung an die Standortstemperaturen liegt der obere Temperaturkompensationspunkt der Nettophotosynthese bei den Wildpflanzen ungewöhnlich hoch. Mit Werten über 49°C erreicht und überschreitet er die bisher für Blütenpflanzen bekannten Maxima. Hammada weist bei 37°C noch optimale Leistungsfähigkeit auf, und bei einer Temperatur der Assimilationsorgane von 49°C ist die Photosyntheserate erst zu 50% gemindert. 4. Die Blattemperatur beeinflußt den Gaswechsel der Pflanzen auch durch Einwirkung auf den Spaltöffnungszustand. Temperatursenkung führt zu Verminderung, Temperaturerhöhung zu Steigerung des internen Diffusionswiderstandes der Blätter für Wasserdampf. Die Mittagsdepression von Nettophotosynthese und Transpiration der Wüstenpflanzen kann daher auf einer temperaturgesteuerten Spaltöffnungsreaktion beruhen. Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit auch die bei erhöhter Temperatur gleichzeitig vergrößerte Wasserdampfdruckdifferenz zwischen Blattmesophyll und Umgebungsluft auf dem Wege über die peristomatäre Transpiration Spaltöffnungsregelungen bedingen kann. 5. Erhöhung der Temperatur bis in die Nähe der Hitzeresistenzgrenze führt zur Verringerung des Diffusionswiderstandes gegen Wasserdampf, also zu einer Öffnungsreaktion der Stomata. Das verursacht verstärkte Transpirationskühlung. 6. Bei zunehmender Wasseranspannung in den Blättern kann der Diffusions-widerstand für Wasserdampf in Form einer Schwellenreaktion durch Spaltenschluß plötzlich steigen, oder es kommt zur einem kontinuierlichen Anstieg, der mit allmählicher Abnahme von Transpiration und Nettophotosynthese verbunden ist. 7. Bei vielen Pflanzen zeigt sich im Tageslauf eine Zunahme des Diffusions-widerstandes für Wasserdampf, der eine Abnahme der Transpirationsrate, aber keine Depression der Nettophotosynthese entspricht. Der Quotient zwischen CO2-Aufnahme und Wasserabgabe wird im Laufe des Tages also günstiger. Es wird erwogen, ob dieses für Wüstenpflanzen vorteilhafte Reaktionsvermögen auf einer Erhöhung des Mesophyllwiderstandes für den Transpirationsstrom beruhen kann.
    Notes: Summary The influence of climatic factors on net photosynthesis, dark respiration and transpiration was investigated in the Negev Desert at the end of the dry summer period when plant water stress was at a maximum. Species studied included: dominant species of the natural vegetation (Artemisia herba-alba, Hammada scoparia, Noaea mucronata, Reaumuria negevensis, Salsola inermis, Zygophyllum dumosum), cultivated plants receiving rainfall and run-off water during the winter season in the run-off farm Avdat (Prunus armeniaca, Vitis vinifera), and irrigated cultivated plants receiving additional water during the summer season (Citrullus colocynthis, Datura metel). 1. Light saturation of net photosynthesis was reached at 60–90 klx conforming to the high solar radiation intensities of the desert. 2. Maximum rates of CO2 uptake per unit of dry weight for the irrigated mesomorphic plants was ten times that of the wild plants. However, in comparison to the other species, maximal rates of CO2 uptake for wild plants were higher when calculated on a leaf area basis than when represented on a dry weight basis. Maximum rates of net photosynthesis per unit chlorophyll content for some of the wild plants (Salsola and Noaea) were comparable to those of the cultivated Vitis and irrigated Citrullus and Datura, Hammada exhibited even higher rates than Prunus. This demonstrates the great photosynthetic capacity of the wild plants even at the end of the dry season. 3. The upper temperature compensation point for net photosynthesis of the wild plants was unusually high as an adaptation to the temperatures of the habitat. Compensation points higher than 49°C exceed the maxima known so far for other flowering species. Maximum rates of net photosynthesis of Hammada were measured when the temperature of the photosynthetic organs was 37°C; at 49°C photosynthesis was only reduced by 50%. 4. Leaf temperature affects plant gas exchange by influencing stomatal aperture. Diffusion resistance of leaves to water vapour was reduced at low temperatures and increased at high temperatures. Reduction of net photosynthesis and transpiration of desert plants at midday may, therefore, be the result of temperature-induced stomatal closure. The possible influence of peristomatal transpiration on stomatal aperture is also discussed. Peristomatal transpiration is directly related to the vapour pressure gradient between the leaf mesophyll and the ambient air which increases with increasing temperatures. 5. Diffusion resistance to water vapour was reduced at high temperatures approaching the limits of heat resistance, due to increased stomatal aperture. This resulted in greater transpirational cooling. 6. Under conditions of increased leaf water stress, diffusion resistance increased, either by sudden stomatal closure at specific threshold values of water stress or through a continuous increase in resistance. This increased resistance is coupled with decreases in transpiration and photosynthesis. 7. In several plant species increased diffusion resistance during the course of the day caused decreased transpiration without a corresponding decrease in photosynthesis. Under these conditions, the ratio of CO2 uptake to transpiration became more favourable as the day progressed. The possibility that this favourable gas exchange response is the result of an increased mesophyll resistance to water vapour loss is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 8 (1971), S. 296-309 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Carbon dioxide exchange and transpiration measurements of various wild and cultivated plants were carried out during the dry summer period in 1967 in the Central Negev Desert (Israel). A mobile laboratory used for these investigations is described. Measurements were carried out with conditioned plant chambers which followed either the ambient temperature and humidity or else allowed the experiments to be carried out under constant conditions. The accuracy of the measurements was estimated. The mean error of the determination of the CO2 exchange rate amounts to ±0.07 mg CO2·g-1·h-1. Transpiration rate is measured with an error of ±0.15 g H2O·g-1·h-1. The response time of the instrumentation to reach 90% equilibrium after a change in photosynthesis or transpiration is 7 to 9 minutes. Errors which are caused by changes of quality of incident radiant energy and altered turbulence conditions for the leaves enclosed in the chamber, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 9 (1972), S. 317-340 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The daily course of net photosynthesis and transpiration was measured with temperature and humidity controlled cuvettes at the end of the dry summer season in the Negev Desert. Species studied included: dominant species of the natural vegetation, cultivated plants in the run-off farm Avdat and permanently irrigated plants. An analysis of the influence of single climatic factors on gas exchange was given in part II of this publication. The reactions of the plants to complex changes in all the environmental parameters is the subject of this present study. 1. One-peaked daily courses of net photosynthesis occur in the irrigated species Citrullus colocynthis and Datura metel. After a high rate of net photosynthesis and transpiration before noon CO2 uptake is gradually reduced through stomatal closure even under good soil water conditions. Stomatal closure on C. colocynthis is controlled by the leaf temperatures whereas D. metel closes its stomata due to increasing water stress. 2. Without additional irrigation one-peaked daily courses are only possible with special constitutional adaptations to the extreme climate together with a balanced regulation of water loss. The annual Salsola inermis shows over the whole day no reduction in transpiration. Related to chlorophyll content, CO2 uptake almost attains the rates observed in the irrigated C. colocynthis. It is still unknown what type of water sources are at the disposal of this plant. The perennial chamaephytes Hammada scoparia and Reaumuria negevensis attain a stabilization of net photosynthesis at a lower level through reduction of stomatal water loss and through increased mesophyll resistance to water vapour. This reduces transpiration to a greater degree than CO2 uptake. The stomatal reactions of H. scoparia seem to be mainly controlled by the evaporation conditions in the atmosphere. Related to chlorophyll content in the assimilatory organs, net photosynthesis of both species is higher at noon than in all other chamaephytes. 3. Two-peaked daily courses of net photosynthesis are shown by plants of the run-off farm (Prunus armeniaca and Vitis vinifera). Both have a very high metabolic activity during the morning which is comparable even with that of D. metel and of H. scoparia. At noon, CO2 and H2O exchange is reduced through stomatal closure and falls below the level of all the other plants in the natural vegetation. In apricot, net photosynthesis of vertically oriented leaves does not drop to the compensation point at noon as was found with horizontally oriented leaves which had leaf temperatures some 6–8°C higher. 4. In the natural vegetation, only Noaea mucronata shows gas exchange reactions similar to those of apricot and grapvines. Also N. mucronata has high rates of net photosynthesis in the morning followed by a great reduction of gas exchange through stomatal closure at noon. At a higher water stress this type of an asymmetric two-peaked daily course is changed into a more flat symmetric two peaked curve with low metabolic activity during the morning. In Zygophyllum dumosum and in Artemisia herba-alba the reduction in CO2 uptake at noon is not caused by stomatal closure, but through temperatures above the optimum. The diffusion resistance for water vapour increases steadily during the day. 5. The daily balance of the CO2 exchange is calculated and is compared with the metabolic activity under optimal conditions. The potential photosynthetic capacity of wild plants under optimal conditions is more nearly met under the prevailing desert conditions than in the case with cultivated plants. The effects of the different types of daily courses of gas exchange on the distribution of plants of the Saharo-Arabian region (Reaumuria negevensis, Zygophyllum dumosum) and of plants of the Irano-Turanian vegetation (Hammada scoparia, Artemisia herbaalba) are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 848-848 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 251 (1973), S. 613-621 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 61 (1973), S. 101-112 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A very sensitive and selective method for the spectrophotometric determination of germanium has been described employing pyrocatechol violet. Prior to the determination, the germanium is first accumulated by extraction with tributyl phosphate (TBP) and kerosene and then separated from the co-extracted elements, that interfere with the determination, by means of the strongly basic anion-exchanger Dowex 1, X8 in a mixture consisting of 30 vol. % TBP, 60 vol. % methylglycol and 10 vol. % 12N hydrochloric acid. In addition it was shown that this mixture is well suited to separate uranium quantitatively from germanium. The spectrophotometric determination of germanium is interfered with by V(V), Mo(VI), Ga(III), Tl(III), Sb(III), Sn(II) and Fe(III). The interference by iron can be averted by adding sodium-potassium tartrate.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine sehr empfindliche und selektive Methode zur spektrophotometrischen Bestimmung des Germaniums unter Verwendung von Brenzcatechinviolett wurde beschrieben. Vor der Bestimmung wird das Germanium zunächst durch Extraktion mit Tributylphosphat (TBP) und Kerosin angereichert und dann mit dem stark basischen Anionenaustauscher Dowex 1, X 8 in einer Mischung aus 30 Vol. %〉 TBP, 60 Vol. % Methylglykol und 10 Vol. % 12-n Salzsäure von den mitextrahierten, die Bestimmung störenden Elementen abgetrennt. Weiters wird gezeigt, daß sich diese Mischung gut eignet, um Uran quantitativ vom Germanium zu trennen. Die spektrophotometrische Bestimmung des Germaniums wird von V(V), Mo(VI), Ga(III), Tl(III), Sb(III), Sn(II) und Fe(III) gestört. Die Störung durch Eisen kann durch Zugabe von Natrium-Kaliumtartrat ausgeschaltet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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