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  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain Capillaries ; Brain Cortex ; Cat Brain ; Hypovolemia ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histotopochemical and morphometric investigations were used to determine the following average values of capillary parameters in the cat's brain cortex: diameter $$\bar D_i$$ , percentage of the projected area $${{\bar A^0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar A^0 } {_{0^{Ai} } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {_{0^{Ai} } }}$$ , surface-to-volume ratio $${{\bar S_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar S_i } {\bar V_i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar V_i }}$$ , free distances between capillary surfaces $$\bar \lambda$$ and length per unit brain volume $$\bar L_{Vi}$$ . These overall average values per stereotaxically defined brain region of 6 control and 6 hypovolemic animals were calculated by a computer. The hypovolemic condition was achieved by reducing the systemic arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg. The resulting hypovolemia caused a significantly diminished diameter $$\bar \bar D_i$$ , a highly increased length per unit brain volume $$\bar \bar L_{Vi}$$ and an improved surface-to-volume ratio $${{\bar \bar S_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar \bar S_i } {\bar \bar V_i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar \bar V_i }}$$ of cortical capillaries. The behaviour of these 5 morphometric parameters during hypovolemic oligemia in the cat's brain cortex leads to the conclusion, that an adapted state of the capillary network may be a response to a reduced blood volume and blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 1148-1149 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under the same hormonal conditions, mammary gland growth in adult female rats is more pronounced than in males. Since there are no differences in the glandular development of both sexes, either at birth or at 30 days of life, it is assumed that male rats react less sensitively than female rats in response to a hormonal stimulus with regard to mammary gland growth. It is presumed that androgen influence during the differentiation stage is responsible for the fixation of a decreased sensitivity of the positive feedback-mechanism between estrogens and prolactin secretion in males. Thus changes in sensitivity would be the reason for mammary gland growth in males being smaller than in females under the same hormonal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 69 (1974), S. 447-461 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 13 Hunden wird nach Laparotomie eine 2 cm lange arteriovenöse Fistel zwischen Arteria und Vena iliaca angelegt und akut (Stadium I) sowie 3 Monate (Stadium II) und 6 bis 12 Monate (Stadium III) später eine Reihe lokaler und allgemeiner hämodynamischer Messungen durchgeführt. Folgende Ergebnisse werden erzielt: 1. Der Blutdruck fällt von 146 auf 130 mm Hg ab (p〈0,05) und liegt bei den folgenden Messungen wieder im Normbereich. 2. Das HZV steigt unmittelbar nach Fistelöffnung von 127 auf 162 ml/min/kg und erreicht nach 3 Monaten einen Maximalwert von 288 ml/min/kg. 3. Die Herzfrequenz steigt akut von 111 auf 188 Schläge/min an und fällt in den folgenden Monaten wieder kontinuierlich annähernd auf den Kontrollwert ab. 4. Der Fluß in der proximalen Fistelarterie steigt akut um den 20fache an, während er in der distalen Arterie auf 1/3 abfällt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist in diesem Gefäß noch kein retrograder Fluß meßbar. Während der Fluß in der proximalen Arterie sich in den folgenden Monaten nach Fistelanlegung nicht wesentlich ändert, tritt in der distalen Arterie ein zunehmend größer werdender retrograder Fluß bis zu 1,2 l/min auf. 5. Akut fließt fast das gesamte Shuntblut über die proximale Vene ab. Nach 3 bis 16 Monaten fließen 41 bzw. 47% des Shuntblutes über die distale Vene in retrograder Richtung ab. 6. Akut nach Fistelöffnung beträgt der Fistelfluß knapp 2,5 1 (56% des HZV) und steigt nach 3 Monaten auf 3,2 1 (47% des HZV) an. Nach 6 bis 12 Monaten ist das Shuntvolumen unverändert, macht aber zu diesem Zeitpunkt einen größeren Anteil am HZV aus (58%), was als Ausdruck des beginnenden Herzversagens gewertet wird. 7. Während der totale periphere Widerstand mit der Eröffnung der av. Fistel erheblich abfällt und in allen Stadien deutlich erniedrigt ist, steigt der periphere Körperwiderstand akut um 52% an und ist auch nach 3 Monaten noch erhöht, während er nach 6 bis 12 Monaten wieder auf den Ausgangswert gefallen ist. 8. Im akuten wie im Spätstadium kann die Zunahme des HZV nicht den Fistelfluß kompensieren, während nach 3 Monaten das HZV etwa um die Menge des Shuntvolumens erhöht ist.
    Notes: Summary In 13 dogs a large sized iliac arteriovenous fistula is established following laparotomy. Measurements of local blood flow and of general hemodynamic changes are performed immediately after construction of the shunt as well as 3 (stage II) and 6–12 months (stage III) later. The following results are obtained: 1. Arterial pressure drops in the acute phase from 146 to 130 mm Hg (p〈0.05) and increases at stages II and III to pre-shunt control pressure. 2. Cardiac output rises immediately after opening of the av-fistula from 127 to 162 ml/min/kg. In stage II a maximum of 288 ml/min/kg has been reached. No further increase is measured in stage III. 3. Heart rate accelerates instantly from 111 to 188 beats per minute. It slowly declines to preoperative control rate within one year post-shunt. 4. There is a 20-fold increase in proximal artery flow immediately after opening of av-shunt while flow in the distal fistula artery decreases to 1/3 of control flow. In the acute phase retrograde flow is not yet measurable in the distal artery. Compared to stage I flow in the proximal fistula artery does not significantly change in stages II and III. A retrograde flow in the distal fistula artery is measured in stage II in each animal increasing up to 1,2 l/min within one year post-shunt, thus constituting 40% of the shunt volume. 5. In the acute phase all shunted blood flows through the proximal vein. In stage II 41% and in stage III 47% of the shunt volume run off in retrograde direction through the distal vein and its collaterals. 6. Immediately after opening of the av-fistula shunt-flow averages 2,5 l/min (or 56% of cardiac output). In stage II shunt flow is 3,3 l/min (or 47% of cardiac output). In stage III fistula flow remains unchanged but constitutes a larger portion of cardiac output (58%) due to a decrease in cardiac output indicating myocardial insufficiency. 7. Total peripheral resistance decreases immediately after opening of the av-fistula and remains low during the following months. Systemic resistance however, increases in stage I by 52%. In stage II it approximates preoperative control, but is elevated again in stage III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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