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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background Exposure to endotoxin in childhood is currently discussed to protect from the development of allergic diseases.Objective To study the effect of early endotoxin exposure on incidence of atopic sensitization, atopic dermatitis and wheezing until the age of 2 years in infants with different risk status in terms of parental atopy.Methods Data of 1942 infants of an ongoing birth cohort study were analysed by logistic regression. Endotoxin was measured in settled dust of the mothers' mattresses at infants' age of 3 months. Data on allergic symptoms and physicians' diagnoses were gathered by questionnaire. Sensitization to common food and inhalant allergens was assessed by specific serum IgE.Results High endotoxin levels increased the risk of repeated wheeze [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for 4th exposure quartile (Q4) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.14], but were associated with neither sensitization to food allergens nor atopic dermatitis. Stratification by parental atopy showed that there was an association of endotoxin exposure with incidence of repeated wheeze as well as with sensitization to inhalant allergens (P for trend = 0.008 and 0.044, respectively) only in infants with parental atopy, with the highest risk in the 4th exposure quartile (repeated wheeze: ORQ4 1.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.73; sensitization to inhalant allergens: ORQ4 1.69, 95% CI 0.70–4.11).Conclusion Early endotoxin exposure in terms of mattress dust endotoxin levels seemed to increase the risk of atopic reactions to inhalant allergens at the age of 2 years, especially in infants at risk due to parental atopy. Our data disagree with an early protective effect of endotoxin on atopy development until the age of 2 years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: Within an ongoing birth cohort study (LISA) the cytokine production of cord blood T cells was compared between neonates from Leipzig (East Germany) and Munich (West Germany). The aim of this study was to analyse regional differences and influencing factors of the immune status. Methods: Cytokine production was measured in a randomly selected subgroup of 158 children from the LISA (Life style – Immune system – Allergy) cohort by intracellular cytokine staining. Information on family “atopy” history (FAH) and home characteristics was obtained from questionnaires. Results: Reduced numbers of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) producing T cells were found in association with biparental FAH and housing renovation during pregnancy. In addition, cytokine production was influenced by season. In Munich, the frequency of biparental FAH and of renovation measures during pregnancy was significantly higher as compared to Leipzig. Neonates from Munich showed significantly decreased amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α and elevated levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) producing T cells. Differences in cytokine production between Munich and Leipzig were influenced by season (IL-4) and housing renovation (IFN-γ, TNF-α). Conclusions: Since differences in the T cell cytokine production of neonates in Munich and Leipzig are independent from FAH our findings may provide evidence for the impact of environmental factors upon the fetal immune system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 195 (1969), S. 152-168 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Im ventralen Cochleariskern erwachsener Meerschweinchen wird die Ultrastruktur der Kontaktstellen zwischen axonalen Endigungen und Neuronen untersucht. Diese Kontaktstellen sind wie die meisten Synapsen in anderen Teilen des ZNS aufgebaut. Es ließen sich in den Regionen I bis III des VCN 2 Typen präsynaptischer axo-somatischer und axo-dendritischer Nervenendigungen unterscheiden: die größeren Heldschen Bulbi (bis zu 13 Kontaktstellen mit der Nervenzelle) und die kleineren Endfüchen (bis zu 3 Kontaktstellen mit dem Neuron). In Region III sahen wir die größten Bulbi, wohl Teile der Heldschen Kelche. Wir kounten mit morphologischen Kriterien die synaptischen Kontaktstellen im VCN nicht klassifizieren. Auch fanden wir keine Hinweise für funktionell verschiedene Synapsen. Als neue Organelle in einigen Endfüßchen werden ringartige oder ovale fadenförmige (Durchmesser 50–100 Å Doppellamellen mit einem maximalen Ringdurchmesser von 1–1,4 μ beschrieben, die vielleicht den argyrophilen Ringsynapsen im lichtmikroskopischen Bilde entsprechen könnten. Das Perikaryon der hellen Körnerzellen im VCN ähnelt dem der Körnerzellen im Kleinhirn, die ebenfalls keine axo-somatischen Synapsen haben. Wieweit die wenigen axo-dendritischen Synapsen in der Körner-Region des VCN zu den Körnerzellen gehören, ließ sich in dieser Studie noch nicht erkennen.
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of synaptic contacts between axonal endings and nerve cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) of adult guinea pigs is examined. These synaptic contacts are composed like most synapses in other parts of the CNS. Two types of presynaptic axo-somatic or axo-dendritic nerve endings are described in region I, II, and III of the VCN; the larger bulbs of Held (5–18 microns in diameter or length, making up to 13 synaptic contacts with the nerve cell) and the smaller simple boutons (1–3 microns in diameter, making up to 3 synaptic contacts with the nerve cell). In region III are the longest bulbs. It was not possible by means of morphological criteria to classify the synaptic contacts of the VCN or to find signs for functionally different synapses, without degenerative studies. As a new organelle in the presynaptic bag of some boutons we found several ring-shaped or oval, solid, thread-like pairs of neurofilaments (50 to 100 Å in diameter) with a maximal diameter of 1 to 1.4 microns of the ring. Perhaps these rings correspond to the argyrophilic ring-shaped synapses previously described by light microscopists. The perikaryon of many granular-cells in the VNC is similar to that of the granular-cells in the cerebellum which have no axo-somatic synaptic contacts. There are, however, no “rosettes” in the granular region of the VCN, and we could not recognize whether the few axo-dendritic synapses in this region belong to the granular-cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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