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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemicranial attacks or permanent hemicrania — a sequel of upper cervical root compression (1989)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 9 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: After many years of unsuccessful conservative treatment 16 patients suffering from hemicrania are relieved of their pain or are improved by operative treatment. Hemicranial attacks or permanent hemicrania is found to be caused by upper cervical nerve root compression. Vascular compression of C2 (n = 9) or scar tissue surrounding C2 (n = 1) or C3 (n = 1) is the pathology identified in cases of cervicogenic headache or “cluster headache-like” headache. Compression attributable to tumor, prolapsed disc, or spondylotic changes is found to be a cause of permanent headache. Only in those patients with permanent headache are radiological or electrophysiological findings helpful for diagnosis. In patients with hemicranial attacks and compression of nerve root C2 (n = 10) or C3 (n = 1), only vasoactive tests (provoking or relieving pain) or local anaesthesia prove to be helpful in diagnosing and localizing the origin of pain. The operation involves freeing the nerve roots from vascular compression. In two patients the C2 ganglion is resected. Thirteen patients subsequently become pain free. In three patients, hemicrania improves. Four of the 16 patients experience a recurrence of pain after the decompressive operation. After additional thermorhizotomy two patients have no further complaints and one patient has improved. One patient can tolerate his pain with occasional analgesics. The problem of referred pain into the fronto-ocular region is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1989.0902123.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anxiety, depression and psychotropic medication use in patients with persistent upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Limited information is available about anxiety, depression and psychotropic medication use in patients referred for gastrointestinal endoscopy.Aim:  To determine anxiety and depression and its association with endoscopic findings in a representative sample of patients with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms prior to endoscopy.Methods:  Patients referred to the hospital for endoscopy between February 2002 and February 2004 were asked to score anxiety and depression on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 2 weeks prior to endoscopy. Information about endoscopic diagnoses was obtained from medical files.Results:  A total of 1298 subjects was studied (600 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies and 698 lower gastrointestinal endoscopies). Patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy used most psychotropic agents (24%; odds ratio = 3.1; 95% confidence interval = 2.3–4.2), especially patients with an organic abnormality when compared with patients without an organic abnormality (42% versus 8%; odds ratio = 8.6; 95% confidence interval = 5.4–14.0). Patients with colonic polyps were more anxious (odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.0–2.9) and depressed (odds ratio = 1.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.1–3.1) than other patients referred for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy.Conclusions:  There is no difference in anxiety nor depression between patients with and without organic abnormalities at endoscopy. Patients with colonic polyps are more anxious and depressed than other patients referred for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Psychotropic medication use is highest among patients with an organic abnormality in the proximal gastrointestinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02435.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meta-analysis: the influence of pre-treatment with a proton pump inhibitor on Helicobacter pylori eradication (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : There is much debate about the influence of pre-treatment with a proton pump inhibitor on Helicobacter pylori eradication. The few studies investigating the influence of pre-treatment on triple and quadruple therapies did not find differences in eradication rates. However, the high eradication rates make it difficult to study factors associated with therapy failure in small populations. In order to overcome this problem we performed a meta-analysis.Methods : The literature was searched in order to identify randomized clinical trials comparing modern triple/quadruple therapies for H. pylori eradication without pre-treatment with a proton pump inhibitor with exactly the same regimen with pre-treatment. The overall risk difference (with − without pre-treatment) was calculated by pooling the risk differences of the individual studies weighted by the inverse of their variances.Results : Nine studies, investigating a total of 773 patients, were identified. There was considerable variation regarding therapy regimen and duration. Pooled eradication rates were 81.3% (312 of 384) for patients with pre-treatment and 81.2% (316 of 389) for patients without pre-treatment. The (weighted) overall risk difference was 0.1% (95% CI: −5%; 5%).Conclusion : Pre-treatment with a proton pump inhibitor does not influence H. pylori eradication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02329.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Omeprazole in peptic ulcers resistant to histamine H2-receptor antagonists (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eighteen patients with duodenal, gastric or jejunal ulcers, resistant to at least 3 months treatment with histamine H2-receptor antagonists, singly or in combination with other anti-ulcer drugs, were treated with 40 mg omeprazole once daily for up to 8 weeks. All ulcers healed, the majority within two weeks. After ulcer healing patients were given maintenance therapy with high doses of cimetidine or ranitidine. Of 15 patients on maintenance therapy with H2-receptor antagonists, 12 (80%) developed a relapse after a period ranging from 3 to 52 weeks. Two patients were lost to follow-up. After re-healing on 40 mg omeprazole, two patients were given 20 mg omeprazole daily as maintenance therapy but relapses occurred again after 14 and 26 weeks respectively. After re-healing on 40 mg omeprazole, these two patients and one additional patient received maintenance therapy with 40 mg omeprazole daily. At present these three patients have been relapse-free for periods varying from 16 to 52 weeks. No side effects were registered during treatment with omeprazole. It is therefore concluded that omeprazole is highly effective in healing refractory peptic ulcers and that omeprazole maintenance therapy may be useful for prevention of relapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00603.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    I Cor. 15. 24–28 and The Future of Jesus Christ (1987)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Scottish journal of theology 40 (1987), S. 543-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0036-9306
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: ‘Then comes the end, when he delivers the kingdom to God the Father, after destroying every rule and every authority and power. For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet. The last enemy to be destroyed is death. “For God has put all things in subjection under his feet.” But when it says, “All things are put in subjection under him”, it is plain that he is excepted who put all things under him. When all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will also be subjected to him who put all things under him, that God may be all in all.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0036930600018561
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gingival health and frequency of tooth brushing in the beagle dog model (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this experiment was to study clinical parameters when 3 different frequencies of plaque removal were applied to healthy gingivae in the beagle dog model. The maxillary first, second and third premolars of 12 beagle dogs, at the start of the experiment 2 years of age, were, after a thorough cleaning, submitted to daily plaque removal during a pre-experimental period of 8 weeks. At the start of the experiment, the dogs were distributed into 3 groups of 4 dogs each: one group was brushed 7 times a week, a second group was brushed 3 times a week and another group was brushed only once a week. Brushing was executed over a period of 24 weeks, on the right sides of the upper jaws. The left upper jaws served as controls. At regular intervals, the plaque index, the gingival index and probing depths were assessed. A “brushing effect” was calculated for each dog, to include information on all within-dog and between dog variations. Comparison of brushing effects revealed that in this experimental model, plaque removal with a frequency of 3 times a week was sufficient to preserve gingival health, whereas tooth brushing once a week resulted in gingival inflammation. Therefore it can be concluded that 3 times a week is the critical brushing frequency in the beagle dog model with healthy gingiva at baseline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01451.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial periodontal defects and frequency of tooth brushing in beagle dogs (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This investigation was designed to determine the influence of different frequencies of tooth brushing on artificial periodontal defects in the beagle dog shortly after creation.In 12 beagle dogs, periodontal defects were created using elastic bands placed in the sulci below the gingival margin after having cut the dento-gingival fibres to the level of the alveolar bone. This active phase of creating defects lasted for 6 weeks. 6 premolars in the lower jaw were used (2P2, 3P3, 4P4). After removal of the elastic bands, the 12 dogs were distributed into 3 groups of 4 dogs each. Each group was brushed with a certain frequency, i.e., 7 times, 3 times or once a week. Plaque index, gingival index and probing depth, using a constant force probe, were assessed interproximally. The experiment lasted for 24 weeks.For hypothesis testing, a brushing effect was calculated for each dog. Furthermore, an analysis was performed based on the absolute scores at week 24. From the statistical analysis, it was concluded that in artificially-induced periodontal defects in beagle dogs immediately after creation, brushing 7 times a week is superior to brushing 3 times a week to establish and maintain gingival health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01450.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial periodontal defects and frequency of tooth brushing in beagle dogs (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This investigation was designed to determine the influence of different frequencies of tooth brushing on artificial periodontal defects in the beagle dog after a period of healing.In 12 beagle dogs, periodontal defects were created using elastic bands placed in the sulci below the gingival margin after having cut the dento-gingival fibres to the level of the alveolar bone crest. This active phase of creating defects lasted for 6 weeks. After removal of the elastic bands, the created defects were left undisturbed during the remainder of the pre-experimental period (12 weeks). 6 premolars in the lower jaw were used (2P2, 3P3, 4P4).After the pre-experimental period, the 12 dogs were distributed into 3 groups of 4 dogs each. Each group was brushed with a certain frequency, i.e., 7 times, 3 times or once a week.Registrations of plaque index, gingival index and probing depth using a constant force probe were carried out on approximal surfaces. The experiment lasted for 24 weeks. A brushing effect was calculated for each dog to include information on all within-dog and between-dog variations. It was shown in relation to artificially-induced periodontal defects in beagle dogs that after a period of healing, brushing 7 times a week is superior to brushing 3 times a week in establishing and maintaining gingival health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01457.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental gingivitis and frequency of tooth brushing in the beagle dog model (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this experiment was to study clinical parameters when 3 different frequencies of tooth brushing were applied to sites of experimental gingivitis in beagle dogs. 12 beagle dogs, at the start of the experiment 2 years of age, were used. After a thorough cleaning, the maxillary left and right first, second and third premolars were brushed daily for a period of 8 weeks. Subsequently, for 4 weeks, all brushing was omitted in order to establish an experimental gingivitis. After this pre-experimental period, the dogs were distributed into 3 groups of 4 dogs each: one group was brushed 7 times a week, a second was brushed 3 times a week and the third group was brushed only once a week. Brushing was carried out for 24 weeks, only on the right sides of the upper jaws, the left upper jaws serving as controls. At regular intervals, plaque index, gingival index and probing depths were assessed. A brushing effect was calculated for each dog, to include information on all within-dog and between-dog variations.The present study demonstrated that only by brushing every day can clinically healthy gingivae be obtained in the beagle dog model with experimental gingivitis at baseline. The state of gingival health at baseline may be used to determine the frequency of brushing necessary to create or maintain healthy gingivae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01458.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockade of spatial learning by the M1 muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 93 (1987), S. 470-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Place navigation ; Scopolamine ; Pirenzepine ; Muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine on place navigation in a water maze. In the first experiment rats were required to learn the location of a hidden platform following intracerebroventricular injections of equimolar doses of pirenzepine or scopolamine methylbromide. Both drugs dose-dependently impaired spatial learning according to both escape latency data and transfer test analysis. Pirenzepine was approximately 3 times less potent than scopolamine, a potency ratio which suggests M1 receptor mediation of the impairment. In the second experiment pirenzepine (1∼92.3 μg/rat ICV) was injected prior to training on a simultaneous place dicrimination task in the water maze. Impairments of choice accuracy were found with a dose of 20 μg/rat in the absence of any marked increases in either errors of omission or choice latency. These data suggest that M1 receptor blockade impairs processes which are involved in spatial learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207237
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