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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Periarteritis nodosa ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebral lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The course is reported of a patient with periarteritis nodosa who initially presented with neurological symptoms. Multiple cerebral lesions were documented by the first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigation. The majority of these had disappeared completely in the follow-up MRI studies. In contrast to neurological improvement the patient eventually died due to multiorgan failure. Postmortem histological examination revealed no pathological findings in the brain except one single necrotic area already known from MRI. Remissions of histological and angiographic alterations in periarteritis nodosa have been described as “local healing” leading to fibrosis and scarring. Our findings suggest that restitutio ad integrum may occur, at least in cerebral lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medial geniculate body ; Neuronal geometry ; Synaptic triplets ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Golgi and electron microscopic analysis of the known cellular layers in concentric shells of the ventro-lateral portion of the medial geniculate body revealed a flat grid of high density neuropil filling the space between the geniculocortical relay cells, forming essentially a single cell layer in each lamina. The “skeleton” of this neuropil grid is made up by the interdigitating dendritic tufts of the geniculocortical relay cells, joined together by a rich system of desmosomoid adhesion plaques. The “holes” of the “skeleton” are filled in by the multilobed dendritic appendages of Golgi type II interneurons and the grape-like terminals of the inferior collicular specific afferents. Additional axon terminals of other sources — terminals of descending corticogenicular fibers, axons of the Golgi type II interneurons and terminals of the initial collaterals of the geniculocortical relay cells — contribute only to a very insignificant fraction of neuropil volume. The Golgi type II interneurons are oriented in perpendicular direction to the cell layers so that they may bridge with their dendrites several successive layers. Although the general expression “synaptic glomeruli” used in other relay nuclei for this type of specific synaptic arrangement is hardly applicable to this grid-like neuropil, the essential synaptic articulation pattern of all thalamic relay nuclei is well maintained. The specific inferior collicular afferents are presynaptic to both relay cell dendrites and to the multilobed dendritic appendages of Golgi type II cells, which in turn are presynaptic to the same dendritic regions of the relay cells receiving the bulk of the specific afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the turbidimetric determination of traces of phosphoric acid, in accord with the Hegedüs and Dvorszky version, employing strychnine nitrate, excellent reproducibility is attained only when the MoO3 employed for the preparation of the reagent contains 0.2–0.5% WO3/MoO3. If less than 0.01% WO3/MoO3 is present, large deviations in the obtained values ensue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der turbidimetrischen Strychninnitrat-Methode für Phosphorspurenbestimmung nach der Version von Hegedüs und Dvorszky kann man nur dann ausgezeichnete Reproduzierbarkeit erreichen, wenn das für die Reagenszubereitung verwendete MoO3 0,2–0,5% WO3/MoO3 enthält. Falls weniger als 0,01% WO3/ MoO3 anwesend sind, kommt es zu starken Meßwertschwankungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 54 (1966), S. 813-832 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The activation energy of the ZnO + H2-reaction was determined with the aid of the thermogravimetric method and it was found that in flowing H2 with a water vapor content of pH 2 O ≦ 0.06 torr the latter is practically the same as the heat of vaporization of Zn under the same conditions. Increasing concentrations of water vapor raise the activation energy to around twice the value, possibly because of increase in the heat of desorption of the Zn vapor from the ZnO surface. It therefore appears that the speed of both processes is regulated by the speed at which the zinc volatilizes. Though the thermograms show a reaction of zero order, it could be proven that this is a peculiarity of the streaming system and that in reality a first order reaction is involved here. The speed of the reaction is independent of the flow rate of the hydrogen, of the particle size, the specific surface and the sample weight of the pulverulent zinc oxide, but dependent on the impurities of the zinc oxide, the geometric surface of the ZnO sample, and above all on the pH 2 O/H2 of the reducing gas. Several anomalies between theory and practice were cleared up and some relationships were pointed out between the various parameters. The initial reduction temperatures determined thermogravimetrically could be fitted into an equilibrium diagram calculated from the thermochemical data. With the aid of these values there is the possibility of measuring usable equilibrium temperatures and through them of obtaining the equilibrium constants of the reaction being discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé On a déterminé l'énergie d'activation de la réaction ZnO+H2 par thermogravimétrie et l'on a établi qu'elle était, dans le cas du passage d'un courant d'hydrogène de teneur en vapeur d'eau pH 2 O/H2 0,06 Torr, pratiquement exactement égale à la chaleur de vaporisation de Zn dans des conditions identiques. L'augmentation de la concentration en vapeur d'eau élève l'énergie d'activation d'environ du double, ce que l'on pouvait présumer en raison de l'augmentation de la chaleur de désorption de la vapeur de Zn de la surface de l'oxyde ZnO. Il apparaît ainsi que la vitesse des deux processus dépend de la vitesse de vaporisation de Zn. Si les thermogrammes montrent bien une réaction d'ordre zéro, il pourrait cependant se révéler que celle-ci soit une particularité du système sous courant gazeux et qu'il s'agisse en réalité d'une réaction du 1er ordre. La vitesse de la réaction est indépendante de celle du passage du courant d'hydrogène, de la dimension des particules, de la surface spécifique et de la valeur de prise d'essai de ZnO en poudre; elle dépend par contre des impuretés contenues dans l'oxyde ZnO, de la géométrie de la surface de l'échantillon ZnO et, en première ligne, de pH2/H2O du gaz réducteur. On a pu expliquer certaines anomalies entre la théorie et la pratique et interpréter des relations entre les divers paramètres. On peut classer les températures de début de réduction déterminées par thermogravimétrie sur le diagramme d'équilibre établi d'après les données thermochimiques. Il est possible, à l'aide de ces valeurs, de mesurer des températures d'équilibre utilisables et d'obtenir ainsi les constantes d'équilibre de la réaction en question.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der thermogravimetrischen Methode wurde die Aktivierungsenergie der ZnO + H2-Reaktion bestimmt und festgestellt, daß diese in strömendem H2 mit einem Wasserdampfgehalt von pH2O≦ 0.06 Torr praktisch gerade so groß ist, wie die Verdampfungswärme des Zn unter gleichen Bedingungen. Steigende Wasserdampfkonzentrationen erhöhen die Aktivierungsenergie etwa auf das Doppelte, vermutlich wegen Vergrößerung der Desorptionswärme des Zn-Dampfes von der ZnO-Oberfläche. Es scheint also, daß die Geschwindigkeit beider Vorgänge durch die Geschwindigkeit der Zn-Verdampfung bedingt wird. Zwar zeigen die Thermogramme eine Reaktion nullter Ordnung an, es konnte aber bewiesen werden, daß dies eine Eigenheit des strömenden Systems ist und daß es sich in Wirklichkeit um eine Reaktion erster Ordnung handelt. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ist von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des H2, von der Teilchengröße, der spezifischen Oberfläche und der Einwaage des pulverförmigen ZnO unabhängig, aber von den Verunreinigungen des ZnO, von der geometrischen Oberfläche der ZnO-Probe und in erster Linie vom pH2O des reduzierenden Gases abhängig. Einige Anomalien zwischen Theorie und Praxis konnten geklärt und einige Zusammenhänge zwischen den verschiedenen Parametern gedeutet werden. Die thermogravimetrisch ermittelten Reduktionsanfangstemperaturen konnten in das aus thermochemischen Daten errechnete Gleichgewichtsdiagramm eingereiht werden. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe dieser Werte brauchbare Gleichgewichtstemperaturen zu messen und dadurch die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der besprochenen Reaktion zu erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The analytical methods, which give information directly or at least at a speed corresponding to the technology about the momentary composition of the steel bath, are indispensable for the optimization of the metallurgical processes. Especially the determination of oxygen concentration plays a very important role among the socalled quick analytical methods. The sources of reoxidation have the most serious pernicious effect, because the oxygen level of steel increases again for the effect of reoxidation after the deoxidation. The determination of oxygen content of the samples taken from the steel bath by means of classical method is not suitable for controlling the metallurgical processes, because the time necessary for the traditional analytical methods is unfavourably long and they measure the total oxygen content of the steel bath. It is, however, more important to know the so-called disposable oxygen concentration, for controlling the metallurgical reactions. The principle of determining the active oxygen content is the measurement of the electromotive force of the solid ZrO2 electrolyte cell. The possibility of the direct measurement of active oxygen content seems to be a “milestone” in adjusting the oxygen level of the metallurgical processes, and by this influencing favourable the morphology of the nonmetallic inclusions of steel to improve the quality of steel. The quantity of Al necessary theoretically for the final deoxidation, if the oxygen level is known, is not enough, but it is important to know the quantity of the dissolved Al, too. Therefore, it became necessary to work out such methods which determine the Al content after a very quick dissolution by means of atomic absorption spectrometry, or photometry and the period of determination is some minutes only. The development of the inclusion–separation methods is considered also very important, because it completes the analytical examinations controlling and following the steelmaking technology with valuable data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 54 (1966), S. 771-784 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Möglichkeit, Molybdän, Titan, Indium und Gallium mit Lösungen von Di-n-butylphosphat in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff bei verschiedenen Säurekonzentrationen zu extrahieren, wurde experimentell nachgewiesen. Die Extraktion von Peroxymolybdat und normalem Molybdat aus Salzsäure und Schwefelsäure mit Tri-n-butylphosphat wurde untersucht. Die maximale Extraktion von Indium und Gallium gelingt bei pH-Werten, bei denen sie als Hydroxide vorliegen. Eine spezifische Methode zur Abtrennung von Molybdän mit Di-n-butylphosphat und zur Mikrobestimmung mit Morin wurde beschrieben. Aus IR-Spektren ergibt sich, daß mit Molybdän nur Komplexe gebildet werden, in denen [Mo]/[HDBP]=1/4. Sechswertiges Mo liegt in dem extrahierten Komplex als MoO2 2+ vor; dessen Zusammensetzung entspricht der Formel (MoO2)(DBP)2 · 2 HDBP. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß nur Ti(DBP)4 gebildet werden kann, nicht aber ein Addukt aus Ti(DBP)4 und (HDBP)2. Mit Gallium und Indium lassen sich Komplexe vom Typus Me(OH)(3−n)·(DBP) n extrahieren.
    Abstract: Résumé On communique les données concernant la possibilité d'extraire le molybdène, le titane, l'indium et le gallium par le phosphate den-dibutyle dissous dans le tétrachlorure de carbone, pour différentes concentrations en acide. On a étudié l'extraction du peroxymolybdate et du molybdate normal par le phosphate den-tributyle dans l'acide chlorhydrique et sulfurique. L'extraction de l'indium et du gallium s'effectue avec une valeur maximale au pH correspondant au domaine d'existence de leurs hydroxydes. On décrit une méthode spécifique pour la séparation du molybdène par le phosphate den-dibutyle et pour son microdosage par le morin. Les spectres infrarouges mettent en évidence que, seuls, les complexes où [Mo]/[HDBP]=1/4 peuvent se former avec le molybdène. Le molybdène hexavalent se trouve sous forme de MoO2 2+ dans le complexe qui est extrait, (MoO2)(DBP)2· 2 HDBP. Il est probable que seul Ti(DBP)4 peut exister, et qu'il ne peut pas se former de produits d'addition de Ti(DBP)4 et (HDBP)2. On peut extraire des complexes de type Me(OH)in(3−n) · (DBP)(inn) avec le gallium et l'indium.
    Notes: Summary Data are given for the possibility of extracting molybdenum, titanium, indium and gallium with di-n-butyl phosphate dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, at various concentrations of acid. The extraction of peroxymolybdate and normal molybdate from hydrochloric and sulphuric acid with tri-n-butylphosphate was investigated. The extraction maxima of indium and gallium occur at pH's corresponding to the existence of their hydroxides. A specific method for the separation of molybdenum with di-n-butyl phosphate and for its micro-determination with morin are described. From the infrared spectra it is evident that with molybdenum, only complexes in which [Mo]/[HDBP]=1/4 can be formed. The hexavalent Mo is present as MoO2 2+ in the complex extracted, (MoO2) (DBP)2· 2 HDBP. It is probable that only Ti(DBP)4 can exist, and no adduct of Ti(DBP)4 and (HDBP)2 can form. With gallium and indium, complexes of the type Me(OH)(3−n)· (DBP) n can be extracted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sequential application of the avidin-biotinperoxidase complex technique was used to localize multiple tissue antigens on a single free floating section of rat brain. sequential visualization of individual antigens was achieved by the silver-gold-intensified diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the first step, nickel-intensified DAB in the second step, and the DAB alone in the third step of the immunostain procedure. For the demonstration of this method, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and vasopressin (VAS) antisera were used. Sections from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats pretreated with colchicine were stained. Black TH containing cell bodies were clearly distinguished from blue stained CRF cells and from yellow stained VAS-containing cell bodies in the PVN on the 25–30 μm thick vibratome sections. The sequential immunostaining procedure presented here results in superior staining of multiple antigens as compared to that achieved by the sequential application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 19-37 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medial geniculate body ; Interneurons ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three different types of interneurons can be separated in the Golgi picture, and many of their details can be identified under the electron microscope, in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of the cat: (1) typical short axon Golgi II. cells of the thalamic type, (2) somewhat larger Golgi type II cells with medium range axon, and (3) spidery neurogliform short axon cells. The most distinctive features of the two first types (1) and (2) are their irregular drumstick shape appendages, increasing in number as well as in length and irregularity of their stalks towards the periphery of the dendrites. These appendages form the vast majority of synaptic profiles in the aggregations of synaptic neuropil (glomeruli) of the nuclei, and they are both presynaptic and postsynaptic by the usual standards applied for the evaluation of the polarity of synapses. The characteristic beaded dendrites of the (3) neurogliform cell type can be recognised particularly easily in the electron microscope picture. They are both presynaptic and postsynaptic in structural polarity. All identified process profiles of interneurons contain flattened (F.-type) or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. Membrane contacts, in which the interneurons appear to be presynaptic are either of the symmetric (Gray type II) or of an intermediate type. The membrane contacts of postsynaptic portions of the interneurons are usually of the asymmetric type (Gray type I) and the presynaptic profiles contain round (R-type) vesicles. The larger one have been shown already earlier to be derived from specific sensory (inferior collicular) afferents, while many of the smaller ones could be identified in the present study as being derived from cortico-geniculate descending pathways, arising from the auditory areas. Some of the synaptic contacts of the interneurons are apparently derived from other interneurons, the presynaptic profiles being often equivocal or more likely of axonal origin (all interneurons have clear axons in the Golgi picture). The occurrence of three distinct types of interneurons — probably all of inhibitory nature — the complexity in synaptic arrangement, and more particularly in the dendritic linkage of numerous synaptic sites does not favour such simple explanations as surround inhibition by forward or by backward inhibition, but suggests more sophisticated modes of impulse processing in the MGB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 7 (1969), S. 314-322 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 2 cases of Fanconi's anaemia exhibiting chromosomal aberrations characteristic for this syndrome (spontaneous breaks, translocation figures, endomitoses) are described. In both cases the ATP-level, and in one the hexokinase activity were normal. An increased chromosomal breakage after addition of an alkylating agent, tetrametansulfonil-d-mannit to the peripheral blood cultures was shown. The increased breakage was thought to be caused by an altered structure of the chromosomes in this syndrome. We suggest that the increased breakage of the chromosomes is an important change in Fanconi's anaemia, which is responsible for the more frequent occurence of leukaemia and of other malignancies in these patients. In the heterozygotes we could not find any aberrations. In one of our cases we tried treatment with PHA i.v., but without success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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