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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 30 simultaneous measurements of the renal cortical blood flow with the xenon-133 wash-out technique and the total renal blood flow with an electromagnetic flowmeter were performed in eight dogs. Renal blood flow was varied over a wide range. A highly significant correlation was found between the two measurements. The slope of the correlation line was 1.18 and the standard error of the estimate was 0.81 ml/g cortex × min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 302 (1968), S. 219-232 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Glucose Reabsorption ; Micropuncture ; Renal Tubule ; Tubular Glucose Concentration ; Glucoseresorption ; Mikropunktion ; Nierentubulus ; Tubuläre Glucosekonzentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen an Nieren narkotisierter Ratten wurde die tubuläre Glucosekonzentration bei freiem Harnfluß und bei normaler Plasmakonzentration an verschiedenen Stellen des proximalen Tubulus gemessen. Die Glucosebestimmung erfolgte enzymatisch. Die Glucosekonzentration nahm über die erste Hälfte des proximalen Konvolutes etwa exponentiell bis zu einem Wert von 0,9 mM/l ab und änderte sich in der zweiten Hälfte nicht mehr. Die Glucosekonzentration im Endharn lag ungefähr im gleichen Bereich wie am Ende des proximalen Konvolutes. Ungeachtet des stetigen Abfalles der tubulären Glucosekonzentration zeigte der berechnete Glucosetransport keine Korrelation zur Länge des punktierten Tubulus vom Glomerulum bis zur Punktionsstelle, wenn unterschiedliche Resorptionsraten von Wasser und NaCl provoziert wurden, so daß der Glucosetransport nicht allein von der Masse des resorbierenden Epithels abhängig sein kann. Es wird besprochen, daß neben der Masse des resorbierenden Epithels und der Glucosekonzentration in der tubulären Flüssigkeit die Elektrolytund Wasserresorption bzw. indirekt das Glomerulumfiltrat die Höhe der renalen Glucosereabsorption wesentlich beeinflussen.
    Notes: Summary Glucose concentration was determined enzymatically in tubular fluid samples taken during free-flow micropuncture along the length of the proximal convolution in anaesthetized rats. The glucose concentration decreased exponentially in the first half of the proximal convolution to a mean value of 0.9 mM/l, and did not change in the remaining length accessible to micropuncture. An identical mean value was found in the final urine. When the rates of salt and water reabsorption were varied experimentally, calculated glucose reabsorption showed no relationship to tubular length measured from glomerulum to puncture site. It appears, therefore, that in addition to the mass of reabsorptive tissue and the glucose concentration of tubular fluid, the reabsorption of water and electrolytes plays an important part in determining the rate of glucose reabsorption by the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 286 (1965), S. 19-35 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Proximal tubular pressure during 0.9 and 5% NaCl diuresis in rats remained above ureteral pressure for periods of occlusion of the ureter for as long as an hour, indicating continuous reabsorption-replacement. With 5% mannitol diuresis, the pressures came to apparent equilibrium in 20–25 min, and with 10–20% mannitol, in ca. 13 min. Inulin injected after the initiation of stop flow with intense mannitol diuresis (15 min blockade) was localized in the nephron beyond the site of the sodium “low”, taken to be location of the early distal convoluted tubule, thus verifying continued reabsorption-replacement during the period of ureteral occlusion. When inulin was injected after 30 min of stop flow with 5% NaCl diuresis, even greater concentrations of inulin were obtained in the nephron beyond the site of the sodium low, when the ureteral blockade was released at 45 min. In this series, U/P inulin averaged 72 (in the stop flow urine), compared to 13 in the mannitol group. C IN during stop flow in the mannitol series averaged 0.16 ml/min/100 g B.W. (both kidneys), and with 5% NaCl, 0.434 ml/min/100 g B.W. The average values per g of kidney weight were 0.175 and 0.494 ml/min, respectively. These values approximate 25 and 60% of expected free flow values. A further complication of the stop flow method in the rat is that cortical blood flow declines after 10–15 min of blockade during mannitol diuresis, apparently the result of increased intrarenal pressure impairing flow in susceptible segments of the vasculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 296 (1967), S. 179-195 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Vasoconstriction in the isolated kidney can be reduced by the use of fresh blood for perfusion. The amount used for filling the perfusion machine should not exceed that volume which passes the kidney within 3 min. Mechanical stirring and haemolysis should be reduced as much as possible. 2. Initial vasoconstriction is attenuated by addition of dilating drugs to the perfusion system (promethazine, acetylcholine). 3. After a normal period of about 1 hr, total renal blood flow increases to supranormal values as high as 6–10 ml/g · min. It is believed that this dilation is due to liberation of the Hagemann factor in heparinized blood, which activates a bradykinin like substance and to the removal of vasoconstricting factors. Medullary passage times are 40% higher than those obtained in kidneys in situ. 4. Glomerular filtration rate (Creatinine clearance) reaches values (42–86 ml/100 g · min) comparable to those obtained in kidneys in situ. It then decreases during the second phase of the experiment, characterized by increases in total renal blood flow, intratubular pressure, and kidney weight. 5. The isolated kidney reaches a state of water diuresis within 1 hr after transfer to the perfusion system. Urine osmolality falls to values as low as 60 mOsmols/kg with a urine volume of 4 ml/100 g · min. 6. Addition of antidiuretic hormone (0.1–1.0 units/hr) prevents water diuresis but does not maintain a normal concentrating function. 7. In most of the experiments sodium reabsorption is not impaired. Large increases of Na-rejection are observed: a) in kidneys taken from dogs having received a high sodium diet for 3 weeks prior to isolation of the kidney. b) after infusion of saline either into the animal 1/2 hr before isolation of the kidney (500 ml) or during the perfusion experiment (150 ml). 8. Impairment of Na reabsorption coincides with increased K excretion. 9. It can be stated that the isolated perfused kidney is able to function like a normal kidney in situ. However, there is a progressive impairment of filtration and concentrating processes, for which oedema might be at least partly responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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