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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friedreich's ataxia: A histochemical and biochemical study (1966)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 6 (1966), S. 35-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Über die histochemisch und biochemisch bestimmte Lokalisation und Intensität hydrolytischer Enzyme in verschiedenen Regionen des ZNS von 3 Fällen mit Friedreichscher Ataxie und 2 normalen Kontrollbeobachtungen wird berichtet. Im Rückenmark wird ein aktiver Degenerationszustand in den Hintersträngen durch Zunahme der 5-Nucleotidase- und sauren Phosphatase-Aktivität angenommen. In den Perikaryen überlebender Nervenzellen des Nucleus dorsalis (Clarke) wurde ein beträchtlicher Verlust der Aktivität von Acetylcholinesterase, Adenosin-Triphosphatase, 5-Nucleotidase und nicht spezifischen Esterasen beobachtet. Im Kleinhirn wurde ein vollständiger Verlust der Enzymaktivität in einigen Purkinje-Zellen und Hyperaktivität mit Axondegeneration in anderen Purkinje-Zellen festgestellt. Änderungen der Acetylcholinesterase und alkalischen Phosphatase in den benachbarten Schichten der Kleinhirnrinde waren nachweisbar. Änderungen der Enzymaktivität in isolierten Bezirken des Kleinhirnmarklagers, die einen aktiven Degenerationszustand vermuten lassen, zeigen Ähnlichkeit mit den Befunden in den Hintersträngen des Rückenmarks.
    Notes: Summary The localization and intensity of hydrolytic enzymes in different regions of the brains of 3 Friedreich's ataxia cases and 2 normal controls by histochemical and biochemical methods is reported. In the spinal cord an active state of degeneration in posterior tracts was suggested by an increase in activity of 5-nucleotidase and acid phosphatase. In the surviving nerve cell bodies of the dorsal nucleus, principally, considerable loss of acetylcholinesterase, adenosine triphosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and non-specific esterase activity was observed. In the cerebellum, complete loss of enzyme activity in some Purkinje cells and hyperactivity with some axonal deformation in several other Purkinje cells was seen. Alterations in acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase in neighbouring layers were apparent; enzyme changes in isolated areas of the corpus medullare, suggesting an active state of degeneration, were similar to the posterior tracts of the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691080
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friedreich's ataxia: A histochemical and biochemical study (1966)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 6 (1966), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Lokalisation und Aktivität wichtiger Enzyme des Glucosestoffwechsels und anderer oxydativer Enzyme wurden mittels histochemischer und biochemischer Methoden in Gehirn und Rückenmark von 3 Fällen Friedreichscher Ataxie untersucht; Kontrolluntersuchungen wurden an 2 Normalgehirnen durchgeführt. Eine Änderung vom glykolytischen zum direkten oxydativen Weg wurde in den Hintersträngen des Rückenmarks als Teil eines aktiven Degenerationszustandes festgestellt. Neuronale Enzymausfälle bestanden vorwiegend in den Nervenzellen des Nucleus dorsalis (Clarke), jedoch zeigten auch die Neurone anderer Kerne etwas herabgesetzte Aktivität glykolytischer Enzyme. Im Kleinhirn bot das Marklager ein ähnliches Schädigungsmuster der Enzymaktivität wie die spinalen Bahnsysteme. Zahlreiche Purkinje-Zellen waren fragmentiert und enzymatisch inaktiv. Es bestanden keine signifikanten Veränderungen im Enzymgehalt der Kerne des caudalen Hirnstamms und des Großhirns. Biochemische Analysen unterstützen die Ergebnisse der histochemischen Untersuchungen.
    Notes: Summary The localization and activity of important enzymes of glucose metabolism and other oxidative enzymes have been investigated by histochemical and biochemical methods in the brain and cord of 3 cases of Friedreich's ataxia; controls were run simultaneously. An alteration from the glycolytic to the direct oxidative route was seen as part of an active state of degeneration in posterior fibre tracts of the cord. Neuronal enzyme loss was mainly in the nerve cells of the dorsal nucleus (of Clarke) but cells in other nuclei showed some decreased activity of the glycolytic enzymes. In the cerebellum, the corpus medullare showed a similar pattern of enzyme alterations to that of the fibre tracts of the cord; many Purkinje cells were fragmented and enzymically inactive. There was no significant alteration in enzyme content within nuclei of the lower brain stem and in the cerebrum. The biochemical analysis supported the histochemical observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691079
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical study of motor neurone disease (1966)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 7 (1966), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Verhalten der Enzyme der wichtigsten Stoffwechselkreise des Zentralnervensystems wurde in fünf Fällen von Erkrankungen des motorischen Neurons untersucht. Die überlebenden Motoneurone zeigten normales Enzymverhalten mit Ausnahme der ATPase und 5-Nucleotidase. In Nervenzellen im Zustand partieller Degeneration zeigten einige Enzyme (AChE, NADH2-Diaphorase, G6-PDH) stärkere Aktivität als andere (ATPase, 5-Nucleotidase, Monoaminooxydase). In einigen motorischen Vorderhornzellen bestand ein kompletter Enzymverlust. Auffallende Änderung der NADH2 Diaphorase-, G6-PDH-, der sauren Phosphatase — sowie der Thiamin-Pyrophosphataseaktivität wurde in hyperplastischen Astrocyten in der inneren Kapsel, im lateralen Pyramidenstrang und häufig auch im ventralen Pyramidenstrang erhoben. PAS-positives Material lag in diesen Gebieten vor. Die Befunde werden vom biochemischen Standpunkt diskutiert und mit anderen Störungen des ZNS in Beziehung zu setzen versucht.
    Notes: Summary Enzymes functioning in the major metabolic pathways of the central nervous system have been examined in 5 cases of motor neurone disease. Surviving motor nerve cells exhibited a normal response to all enzymes except ATPase and 5-nucleotidase. Nerve cells exhibiting partial degeneration showed a stronger activity of some enzymes (AChE, NADH2 diaphorase, G6-PDH) than others (ATPase, 5-nucleotidase, monoamine oxidase). Complete enzymic loss was evident in some anterior horn motor nerve cells. Striking alterations in NADH2 diaphorase, G6-PDH, acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activities were observed in swollen astrocytes in the internal capsule, the lateral corticospinal tract and frequently in the anterior corticospinal tract. PAS-positive material was depleted in these areas. The findings are discussed biochemically and in relation to other disorders of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686777
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroneal muscular atrophy. A histochemical study (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 301-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peroneal Muscular Atrophy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Spinal Cord Nerve Cells ; Oxydative Enzymes ; Neuropathies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Veränderungen in Lokalisation und Verteilung der Enzyme der wichtigsten Stoffwechselabläufe wurden in Rückenmark und Muskel bei peronealer Muskelatrophie untersucht. Im Rückenmark, vorwiegend im lumbo-sacralen Abschnitt, zeigten die Vorderhornneurone deutlichen Aktivitätsverlust von zwei phospholytischen und zwei oxydativen Enzymen im Gegensatz zum Aktivitätsanstieg dieser Enzyme in Gliazellen. Dieselben beiden oxydativen Enzyme zeigten starken Abfall im Nucl. dorsalis und lassen eine Verminderung des oxydativen Stoffwechsels oder eine größere Empfindlichkeit dieser Enzyme gegenüber anderen bei pathologischen Zuständen vermuten. Acetylcholinesterase in diesem Kern war gleichfalls abnorm niedrig. Enzymveränderungen in morphologisch unauffälligen Muskelfasern betrafen vorwiegend den Phosphat-Metabolismus. Oxydative Enzyme und Phosphorylasen waren nicht betroffen. In atrophischen Muskelfasern wechselte die Enzymaktivität. Mg2+-ATPase und Phosphorylase waren praktisch fehlend. Die Befunde werden mit jenen bei anderen neuropathien verglichen.
    Notes: Summary Changes in localisation and distribution of enzymes concerned in important metabolic pathways of the spinal cord and muscle in peroneal muscular atrophy are reported. In the spinal cord, particularly at the lumbo-sacral level, nerve cells of the anterior horns exhibited marked losses in activity of two phospholytic and two oxidative enzymes in contrast to increases in these enzymes in glia cells. The same two oxidative enzymes were severely depleted in the nucleus dorsalis suggestive of a lower rate of oxidative metabolism or to greater sensitivity of these enzymes than others to pathological changes. Acetylcholinesterase in this column was also abnormally low. Enzyme changes in muscle fibres which appeared normal were related mainly to phosphate metabolism; oxidative enzymes and phosphorylase appeared unaffected. In atrophic musclfibres enzyme activities varied, Mg2+-ATPase and phosphorylase were relatively absent. Finde ings are compared with other neuropathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686727
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRANSPORT OF 14C INCORPORATED PROTEIN IN THE CORTICOSPINAL TRACT OF THE RAT BRAIN (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The origin of fibres of a corticospinal pathway in rat brain was located by cortical ablation and Marchi staining and also by electrical stimulation of the motor cortex.Enzyme changes investigated histochemically over 0–14 days post-injection of 5 μ10.15 m NaCl into the neocortex indicated that very little apparent disturbance of nerve cell metabolism beyond a narrow band adjacent to the path of the microneedle within the cortex had occurred. [14 C]Leucine as a precursor of protein synthesis was used to study incorporation of the amino acid into protein. At the site of injection the maximum level of labelled protein was recorded at 30 min post-injection, the level decreasing to less than 2 per cent of this at 6 hr.The subsequent axonal flow of labelled protein along the corticospinal pathway was investigated during the period 15 min to 21 days post-injection. Within 24 hr increasing amounts of labelled proteins were measured caudally, but not more than 6 per cent had migrated beyond 5 mm from the site of injection. At 3 days this percentage had increased to 14.6 per cent, the labelled proteins being distributed in progressively decreasing amounts to a further 13 mm caudal. Very little change from this position was seen during the following 18 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1969.tb05976.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HISTOCHEMISTRY OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE IN THE DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN (1967)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 14 (1967), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1967.tb09519.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE MEDULLA OF THE RAT BRAIN. REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE RESULTS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— [14C]Leucine was injected intracranially into the brainstem reticular formation at the level of the upper medulla by the stereotaxic method. Subcellular fractions prepared 3 hr after injection showed that the specific activities of leucine-incorporated proteins decreased in the order soluble, microsomal, nuclear and mitochondrial fractions. Specific activities of proteins in the sera were 2·2 per cent of whole homogenate proteins.The results from 27 experiments showed that 66·6 per cent of the mean specific activities of proteins extracted from whole homogenates fell within ·1 s.d. and 100 per cent within ± 2 s.d. (close to a normal distribution). The coefficients of variation were between 40 and 50 per cent for whole homogenates, sera and all subcellular fractions. Reproducibility of results and factors concerned with possible errors in the technique are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1969.tb10362.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HISTOCHEMISTRY OF RAT BRAIN STEM MONOAMINE OXIDASE DURING MATURATION (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 15 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the nuclei and tracts of the medulla and pons of the rat from birth to 90 days is reported.Prominent MAO activity was present in the locus coeruleus and nucleus ambiguus at birth. At 5 days a weak reaction localized mainly within the neuropil and glia cells was detected in several other nuclei. By 10 days all nuclei were identified with MAO activity varying from weak to intense, the activity showing further increases at 15 and 20 days. Staining in nerve fibres was negligible at 5 days but increased rapidly to 15 days in some tracts when the characteristic beading pattern was distinct. At 30 days differentiation in intensity of MAO activity between the nuclei diminished and no increase was apparent after 55 days.The results are compared with the distribution of brain stem acetylcholinesterase during maturation and also with regions specific in catecholamine or serotonin content in the adult rat brain stem.This and an earlier study on the cerebrum suggest that MAO is another component of the brain that falls into the caudal-rostral concept of biochemical maturation and that it fits into a group of enzymes exhibiting a similar pattern of increase in activity during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1968.tb06832.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hartshorne, Charles: A Natural Theology for Our Time : Illinois, Open Court Publishing Company, La Salle, 1967 (1968)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Scottish journal of theology 21 (1968), S. 345-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0036-9306
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Theology and Religious Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0036930600054545
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Faith and Truth (1966)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Scottish journal of theology 19 (1966), S. 144-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0036-9306
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: One of the most striking and significant features of the present climate of opinion is to be found in the resumption, often tentative, questioning but real, of the age-old conversation between philosophy and theology. It is not to the present purpose to trace in detail the reasons which led to the lapse of this conversation in the first instance; but it would probably not be misleading to lay very considerable weight in this connexion upon two developments in modern thought, one in the sphere of philosophy and the other in that of theology.The former of these consists in the rise of the school of radical empiricism or logical positivism, and especially in the enunciation of the principle of empirical verifiability according to which the test which determines whether an alleged statement purporting to be informative and not just tautologous or analytic is really meaningful or not is that it should be in principle empirically verifiable or falsifiable, in other words, that there should be the possibility of certain observations in sense-experience relevant to its truth or falsity. It is now some thirty years since Professor A. J. Ayer announced the elimination of metaphysics on the ground that ‘no statement which refers to a “reality” transcending the limits of all possible sense-experience can possibly have any literal significance’, so that ‘the labours of those who have striven to describe such a reality have all been devoted to the production of nonsense’ and Professor Ayer was no less emphatic, when he turned his attention to theology, that ‘the possibility of religious knowledge’ had ‘already been ruled out by our treatment of metaphysics’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0036930600002933
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