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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2475-2477 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Low energy electron-enhanced etching of Si(100) has been achieved by placing the sample on the anode of a dc discharge in hydrogen/helium mixtures. Over a broad range of gas composition, gas pressure, and discharge current, nonpatterned samples gave etch yields of 0.01–0.02 atoms/electron, and average etch rates of 2000–3000 A(ring)/min. Postetch examination by atomic force microscopy revealed surface roughness of 2–3 nm. These results are related to incident flux of H atoms and electrons through a simple model of the anode sheath layer above the sample. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1966-1968 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Ultrafast absorption studies on free-standing porous silicon films have been carried out at room temperature to investigate the carrier dynamics and the luminescence mechanism. Ultraviolet and visible excitations were used on an as-prepared sample and two annealed samples. Transient absorption curves of UV pumped, as-prepared samples contain a fast decay (τf) of 0.8±0.2 ps and a slower decay of (approximately-greater-than)30 ps. τf is found to be shorter for both the 500 °C annealed sample with UV excitation and for the as-prepared sample with visible excitation. The faster decay rates suggest that the subpicosecond component of the transient absorption may be due to carrier thermalization rather than core-to-surface state excitation transfer. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The spins of several excited states of Er166 have been investigated byγγ-angular correlation measurements. The spin sequence 0+, 2+, 4+, 6+ for the ground state rotational band was presumed to be correct. Unique assignments were derived for the states of 1076 keV, 1377 keV and 1785 keV asI=5, 7 and 6 respectively. These results are in agreement with the spins proposed byGallagher jr. andSoloviev. The multipolarities of theγ-transitions of 408 keV, 709 keV, 811 keV and 831 keV were derived as 95%E1+(5±1)%M2, 99·6%E1+(0·4±0·5)%M2, 99·1%E2+(0·9±0·3)%M1, and 96·1%E2+(3·9±1)%M1 respectively. The unusual mixing ratios of the transitions of 811 keV and 831 keV can be understood as a consequence of theK-selection rule. Eachγ-transition from the 1785 keV state should be stronglyK-forbidden and one expects a half-life ofT 1/2≈3·10−9s. A measurement of the time spectrum of the coincidences between theβ-radiation and the high energyγ-lines gave however:T 1/2(1785 keV state)≦3·10−10s. The rotation of the angular correlation between the 184 keV line and theγ-group at 820 keV has been measured in an external magnetic field of 53000 gauss as:ω·τ(4+)=0·083±0·006. This value contains small corrections for an additional rotation of the angular correlation of the 831 keV–184 keV triple cascade in the 6+state and for a small attenuation by internal fields. WithT 1/2(4+state)=1·23·10−10s, andβ=7·08 one gets for theg-factorg R=+0·266±0·024 in good agreement with recent results for the 2+ state.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Schlagwort(e): 79.60 ; 71.20 ; 71.28
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have investigated hole doped (by lithium) and electron-doped (by nickel metal) NiO with photoemission (PES), inverse photoemission (IPES) and low and high energy electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Both types of doping create empty states approximately in the middle of the charge transfer gap of undoped NiO.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The European physical journal 30 (1978), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The x-ray photoemission spectra of the valence band region of Be, Na, Mg, and Al have been measured and are analysed in terms of existing band structures. This allows an accurate determination of the band width of these metals and of the relative photoionisation cross sections (atħω γ=1487 eV) for the electrons of different angular momentum in the bands. It is found empirically that the many body effects in the valence bands are of similar magnitude as observed in the core level spectra.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The x-ray photoemission spectra of the valence bands of Hf metal and of several HfC x N y O z compounds have been measured and are compared to existing band structure calculations. The density of states at the Fermi energy of the HfC x N y O z compounds correlates strongly to their superconducting transition temperatureT c . A calculation of theT c values within the frame work of strong coupling superconductors indicates that the phonon spectrum and the electron phonon interaction is approximately constant within the series HfC x N y O z .
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (1979), S. 51-59 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract X-ray excited photoelectron spectra (XPS) using monochromatized Al — K α radiation (ℏω =1,486.7 eV) have been analysed quantitatively. The intensities of the various core lines (Li(1s), O(1s), O(2s), Nb(3s), Nb(3p), Nb(3d), Nb(4s), Nb(4p)) normalized to the intensity of the Nb (3d 5/2)-line, show good agreement with those calculated with theoretical values for the photoabsorption cross section of the free atoms and the theoretical estimates of the dependance of the electron escape depth on the electron kinetic energy. From the energy loss spectra observed at the high binding energy side of the XPS core lines the energy loss function Im {−1/ε(ω)} is calculated and compared to published optical data. This comparison yields directly the total electron escape depth as function of the electron energy over a large energy range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The European physical journal 30 (1978), S. 129-143 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The theory for the photoemission process is inspected taking into account many body effects. Simple equations for the analysis of experimental spectra are deduced which allow to determine the relative importance of the many body effects to the observed spectrum. The core level spectra for Be, Na, Mg and Al metal are analysed quantitatively yielding the magnitude of the intrinsic and extrinsic contribution to the plasmon creation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Spine ; Intervertebral disks ; Lasers ; MR imaging guidance ; MR imaging temperature monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to perform percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) under MR guidance in an open configuration 0.5-T MR system. Following failed conservative treatment for 6 months, eight patients with contained disc herniations were enrolled in the study. Following MR guided introduction of the laser fiber into the targeted disc space, the laser-induced temperature distribution was visualized using a color-coded subtraction technique based on a T1-weighted GRE sequence. In seven patients PLDD could be performed. In all cases laser effects were depicted by MR. In this regard the color-coded technique was found to be superior to conventional magnitude images. Whereas no apparent decrease in the extent of herniation was discovered immediately following PLDD, T2-weighted FSE images showed signal intensity alterations in two of the seven patients. Clinical evaluation, obtained 3–4 months after PLDD, revealed a fair (n = 2) or good (n = 4) response to the treatment. One patient showed no change in symptoms. MR guidance and monitoring of PLDD is feasible within an open 0.5-T system and seems to render PLDD more safe and controllable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Thyroid ; Biopsy ; Interventional MR ; MR guidance ; Stereotaxis ; Ultrasound
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical feasibility and utility of an interactive MR-guidance system to target and biopsy thyroid lesions, and to compare resolution between ultrasound and interventional MR imaging in the evaluation of thyroid lesions. Twenty thyroid lesions of 18 patients were interactively biopsied using a 0.5-T superconducting open magnet system. Stereotactic localization of the needle and imaging was accomplished using T1-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) images. Representative cytological material was retrieved in 16 of 20 lesions (benign cystic or colloid goiter: n = 14; one de Quervain's thyroiditis and one follicular neoplasia). Lesions smaller than 1.5 cm detected by ultrasound could not be visualized adequately on GRE images. Lesions smaller than 1.5 cm were successfully biopsied by ultrasound (three colloid and haemorrhagic goiters and one adenoma). Magnetic-resonance-guided interactive biopsies and positioning of non-ferromagnetic needles in the thyroid gland are technically feasible and safe. Compared with high-resolution ultrasound, lesions larger than 1.5 cm can be adequately visualized and biopsied. Magnetic-resonance-guided placement of non-ferromagnetic needles is no substitute for high-resolution ultrasound in clinical work-up of thyroid lesions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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