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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The status of DESY H− sources : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 992-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two different types of H− sources are operating at DESY, a magnetron source and a rf-driven volume source. H− sources for HERA have to run for long uninterrupted periods with a low duty factor and a high reliability. Several necessary improvements are under construction for our rf-driven volume source. The status of both our magnetron and our volume source will be discussed and the first LINAC III experiment with the rf-driven volume source will be reported. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148620
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new x-ray diffraction method for structural investigations of solid-liquid interfaces (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4169-4176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A synchrotron x-ray diffraction method is presented for structural investigations of interfaces between low-Z substrates and heavier liquids. The method, similar to methods used in neutron scattering, is based on illuminating the interface through the solid substrate. The backgrounds arising from bulk scattering and the signal-to-background ratio are estimated and compared with experimental results. An ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) setup is described in which the atomic arrangement and roughness of clean interfaces can be studied in situ. Our first results illustrate the possibilities for both out-of-plane and in-plane diffraction studies. The specular reflectivity of the Ga/diamond(111)-2×1 interface was measured for perpendicular momentum transfers up to 2.2 Å−1. In an in-plane study of Ga/Si(111)-7×7 the in-plane structure factor of Ga liquid within a depth of ∼50 Å was compared to the structure factor of the bulk liquid. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148380
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The status of Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron H− sources : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1045-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two different types of H− sources are operated at Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, a magnetron source and an experimental rf-driven volume source. H− sources for HERA have to run for long uninterrupted periods with a low duty factor and a high reliability. Several necessary improvements are under construction for our rf-driven volume source. The status of both the magnetron and volume source will be discussed and the latest experimental data will be presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146753
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety and efficacy of semi-closed circle ventilation in small infants (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 8 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of semi-closed circle ventilation of the Dräger anaesthesia ventilators (Cicero, Cato), using a fresh gas flow (FGF) of 600 ml·min−1. Twenty infants, weighing less than 6000 g, without cardiorespiratory abnormalities who required general anaesthesia of at least 30 min were included. The FGF was reduced to 600 ml·min−1 after 10 min of denitrogenation with a FGF of 4 to 6 l·min−1. The composition of the FGF (600ml·min−1) was calculated as follows: oxygen necessary for consumption (60 ml·min−1) plus the remaining FGF in a 1:2 relationship for oxygen. The inspiratory nitrogen fraction was calculated to exclude accumulation. Inspiratory fractions of O2 and N2O plus inspiratory and endtidal CO2 partial pressures and noninvasive oxygen saturation were the control parameters. The gas concentrations (O2 and N2O) remained within safe limits. Hypoxic gas concentrations were not observed. Neither nitrogen nor CO2 accumulated in the circle system. In conclusion, low flow anaesthesia can be performed safely in infants under 6000 grams with the Dräger Cicero and Cato anaesthesia ventilators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1998.00232.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase Structure and Function: A Biochemical-Genetic Perspective (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 49 (1995), S. 335-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.002003
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enrichment and Characterization of Dendritic Cells from Rat Renal Mesangium (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dendritic cells (DC) initiate primary immune reactions and are distributed throughout most tissues. The most potent DC population of the kidney has long been suggested to reside within the glomerular mesangium. Using LEW.1A rats, we enriched and characterized such low-density cells. Mesangial DC generally exhibited round to oval cell bodies and cytoplasmic veils. Phenotypically, these cells were 100% OX-6++, 45% OX-42++, 35% ED1low, 10% OX-62low, and negative for ED2 and α-naphtylbutyrate esterase. Introducing a new monoclonal antibody, R3, which stains a subset of splenic DC, we showed strong antigen expression on 60% of mesangial DC. Correlating cell populations were detected immunohistochemically. Functionally, mesangial DC potently stimulated allogeneic mixed leucocyte reactions, but did not phagocytose opsonized Escherichia coli. In addition to their striking phenotypic similarity with autologous splenic DC, mesangial DC exhibited 88% of the allostimulatory activity of splenic DC. Calculation indicated approximately two mesangial DC per glomerulum. We suggest that these cells comprise different maturation-dependent subsets. The OX-62 integrin especially appears to be expressed only on mature mesangial DC, which may correlate to lymphoid veiled cells or interdigitating DC. An employment of mesangial DC in experimental models of acute allograft rejection or glomerulonephritis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-175.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Human In Vitro Granuloma Model Using Heat Killed Candidaalbicans Cells Immobilized on Plastic Culture Wells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new model for studying the initial events of granuloma formation in vitro is presented using heat killed Candida albicans immobilized on the surface of plastic culture wells. Human monocytes were induced to accumulate and to proliferate, forming multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and epitheloid cells within 4 days of culture. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were detected in culture supernatants. These monokines, and additionally macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), were also detected immunocytochemically. The granuloma formation was inhibited by Dexamethasone (Dex), Pentoxifylline (POF), or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in a dose-dependent manner. Antibodies to M-CSF reduced the granuloma formation to a great extent with a striking reduction of monocyte proliferation. Using antibodies to TNF-α the authors found a complete inhibition of the granuloma including MGC formation and monocyte proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-435.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proximal tubular reabsorption of growth hormone and sodium/fluid in normo- and microalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1997)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 34 (1997), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Segmental tubular reabsorption ; Low molecular weight protein ; Growth hormone ; Microalbuminuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Proximal tubular dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. An investigation of proximal tubular function was carried out by assessing proximal tubular sodium reabsorption and low molecular weight protein excretion in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Normoalbuminuric [group A, n=6, albumin excretion rate (AER) mean (range) 4 (0–10) µg/min] and microalbuminuric [group B, n=6, AER 88 (35–198) µg/min] patients with type 1 diabetes were compared with matched controls. Simultaneous lithium and growth hormone (GH) clearance and urinary β 2-microglobulin excretion were assessed. Fasting plasma glucose at the start of the study was [median (range)] 13 (10.2–15.1), 9.3 (5.9–15) and 4.1 (4.0–5.0) mmol/l in groups A, B and controls, respectively, with a mean coefficient of variation during the study of 3.9% (group A) and 5.2% (group B). There was no significant difference in plasma glucose levels between patients in groups A and B. Urinary GH excretion was raised in the patients with microalbuminuria (group B; P〈0.05), although there was no difference in serum GH clearance rate between the patient groups and controls. Urinary GH correlated with β 2-microglobulin in the diabetic subjects (r=0.665, P〈0.05) and with the degree of microalbuminuria in group B patients (r=1, P〈0.01). Urinary GH was also greater than 10 µU, the median value observed in the controls, in 5 of 6 (83%) patients in group A. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) measured by constant infusion of 51Cr-ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and I125-para-amino hippuric acid (PAH), respectively, showed relative hyperfiltration in the normoalbuminuric group compared with controls (P〈0.05) and group B (P〈0.05). Absolute proximal reabsorption of sodium and of water (APRNa and APRH2O) was significantly higher in group A patients (P〈0.05). Although GFR was significantly higher in group A patients, no differences were found in fractional proximal reabsorption of sodium and water (FPRNa+H2O) or end proximal delivery between the patient groups and controls. Therefore, the measurement of protein reabsorptive capacity provides a more sensitive marker of renal tubular impairment in type 1 diabetes than sodium/fluid reabsorptive capacity. In patients with microalbuminuria, both glomerular and tubular damage may co-exist. Our results stress the usefulness of markers of renal tubular function in monitoring the course of diabetic nephropathy. This study also shows that assessment of GH clearance has promise as a marker of renal tubular protein reabsorptive capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050061
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transplantationsversuche mit Impfgeschwülsten auf gegen Walker-Tumor und Jensen-Sarkom resistenten Rattenstämmen (1963)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 50 (1963), S. 98-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00590820
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die pathophysiologische Basis des Zenker-Divertikels (1999)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 741-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Cricopharyngeal diverticulum ; Zenker's ; Upper esophageal sphincter ; Swallowing ; Dysphagia. ; Schlüsselwörter: Cricopharyngeales Divertikel ; Zenker-Divertikel ; oberer Oesophagussphincter ; Schlucken ; Dysphagie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Störungen der pharyngooesophagealen Phase des Schluckens, inkl. Zenker-Divertikel, resultieren aus Änderungen der neuromuskulären Vorgänge, die beim Kauen, zu Beginn des Schluckens und bei der Beförderung der Speise vom Oropharynx in den cervicalen Oesophagus beteiligt sind. Obwohl eine Reihe von Mechanismen zur Erklärung der Entstehung des Zenker-Divertikels vorgeschlagen wurde – inkl. Störung der Sphincterkoordination, Schlucken gegen einen geschlossenen oberen Oesophagussphincter (OÖS), versagende OÖS-Relaxation, hypertensiver „spastischer“ OÖS –, weisen neuere Untersuchungen darauf hin, daß eine veränderte Compliance des cricopharyngealen Segments an der Pathophysiologie des Zenker-Divertikels beteiligt ist. Manometrisch kann eine Relaxation auch dann vorkommen, wenn anatomisch keine Öffnung erfolgt ist. Eine fehlende Koordination ist ungewöhnlich. Complianceänderungen sind mit einer speziellen cricopharyngealen Manometrie nachweisbar als Verminderung der Sphincteröffnung oder als Erhöhung des Boluspassagedrucks. Diese Störungen normalisieren sich nach Diverticulektomie und cricopharyngealer Mytomie.
    Notes: Summary. Disorders of the pharyngoesophageal phase of swallowing, including Zenker's diverticulum, result from alterations of the neuromuscular events involved in chewing, initiation of swallowing, and propulsion of the material from the oropharynx into the cervical esophagus. Although a number of mechanisms have been postulated to explain the genesis of Zenker's divertcula, including sphincter incoordination, swallowing against a closed UES, failed UES relaxation, and a hypertensive spastic upper sphincter, recent evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of Zenker's diverticula involves altered compliance of the cricopharyngeal segment. Manometric relaxation may occur in the absence of anatomic opening. Incoordination is uncommon. Altered compliance is detectable with specialized cricopharyngeal manometric recording as impaired sphincter opening or a raised intrabolus pressure. Both return to normal following diverticulectomy and cricopharyngeal myotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050714
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