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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous operations at a high repetition rate up to 3 kHz for discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser are presented. The dependence of the clearing ratio on laser-gas pressure and input energy densities is studied. It was found that suitable laser-gas pressures minimize the clearing ratio for various input-energy densities. It is also shown that few density disturbances in the discharge region are induced by gas heating in a discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser with low input-energy density
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental investigation to improve the lifetime of a discharge-excited ArF-excimer laser is presented. The three dominant factors restricting its lifetime are CF4 generation in the laser gas, color-center formation in the optics and input power density reduction due to electrode ablation. Copper electrodes were superior to nickel electrodes in regard to electrode ablation. A gas lifetime of more than 109 shots (about one month at 400 Hz) is shown for an ArF-excimer laser with a liquid-nitrogen trap and high-temperature zirconium alloy trap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Alkaliphile ; Pectate lyase ; Cloning ; Bacillus ; Salt dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gene for a highly alkaline pectate lyase, Pel-4A, from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain P-4-N was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Bacillus subtilis cells. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme (318 amino acids, 34 805 Da) showed moderate homology to those of known pectate lyases in the polysaccharide lyase family 1. The purified recombinant enzyme had an isoelectric point of pH 9.7 and a molecular mass of 34 kDa, and exhibited a very high specific activity compared with known pectate lyases reported so far. The enzyme activity was stimulated 1.6 fold by addition of NaCl at an optimum of 100 mM. When Pel-4A was stored at 50°C for 60 h, striking stabilization by 100 mM NaCl was observed in a pH range from 5 to 11.5, whereas it was stable only around pH 11 in the absence of NaCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Alkaliphile ; Bacillus ; Detergent enzyme ; α-Amylase ; Debranching enzyme ; Protease ; Cellulase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cleaning power of detergents seems to have peaked; all detergents contain similar ingredients and are based on similar detergency mechanisms. To improve detergency, modern types of heavy-duty powder detegents and automatic dishwasher detergents usually contain one or more enzymes, such as protease, amylase, cellulase, and lipase. Alkaliphilic Bacillus strains are often good sources of alkaline extracellular enzymes, the properties of which fulfil the essential requirements for enzymes to be used in detergents. We have isolated numbers of alkaliphilic Bacillus that produce such alkaline detergent enzymes, including cellulase (CMCase), protease, α-amylase, and debranching enzymes, and have succeeded in large-scale industrial production of some of these enzymes. Here, we describe the enzymatic properties, genetics, and structures of the detergent enzymes that we have developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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