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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission of polyimide during pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 573-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 81.60 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experiments that demonstrate quantitatively the importance of laser absorption dynamics for ultraviolet laser ablation of organic materials are presented. Laser pulse transmission measurements have been performed on 0.1 μm spin-coated polyimide films at three ultraviolet wavelengths (193 nm, 248 nm, and 355 nm) over the fluence range 10−3 −10 J/cm2. Target transmission is observed to increase with increasing fluence by a factor of ∼5 at 193 nm, and a factor of ∼10 at 248 nm. In contrast, transmission decreases by approximately one half during 355 nm target irradiation. These results are analyzed theoretically with a two-level model of chromophore absorption. This theory is also applied to reported pulsed UV-laser polyimide ablation data. It is shown that an accurate description of the fluence-dependent film absorption leads to a prediction of the etch depth versus pulse fluence relationship in good agreement with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348168
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable compatibility of clonedAlnus glutinosa ecotypes against ineffectiveFrankia strains (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 107 (1988), S. 233-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alder ; Alnus glutinosa ; clones ; compatibility ; ecotypes ; Frankia ineffectivity ; N2-fixation ; nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nodulation tests onin-vitro propagated clones ofAlnus glutinosa ecotypes (forest ecotype, pioneer ecotype) withFrankia strains originating from both ecotypes indicated differences in host-plant compatibility. Inoculated plants of the pioneer ecotype clone were not infected by strains, that were unable to fix nitrogen in pure culture. Nodulation could only be induced on the clone of the forest ecotype, but no nitrogen-fixing activity could be detected. Ultra-structural observations of the nodules by SEM and TEM indicated that ineffectivity of these strains was correlated with the lack of vesicles in the infected cells. Cells were only filled with hyphae: neither sporangia nor vesicles could be detected. In contrast, effective nodules could be obtained on both alder clones after inoculation with an effective strain, showing normal development of vesicle clusters in infected cells. In pure culture the ineffective strains produced no vesicles; sporangia were found only during early stage of growth. The results demonstrate the existence ofFrankia strains which were either non-infective or ineffective on different clones ofAlnus glutinosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370552
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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