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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 81.60 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experiments that demonstrate quantitatively the importance of laser absorption dynamics for ultraviolet laser ablation of organic materials are presented. Laser pulse transmission measurements have been performed on 0.1 μm spin-coated polyimide films at three ultraviolet wavelengths (193 nm, 248 nm, and 355 nm) over the fluence range 10−3 −10 J/cm2. Target transmission is observed to increase with increasing fluence by a factor of ∼5 at 193 nm, and a factor of ∼10 at 248 nm. In contrast, transmission decreases by approximately one half during 355 nm target irradiation. These results are analyzed theoretically with a two-level model of chromophore absorption. This theory is also applied to reported pulsed UV-laser polyimide ablation data. It is shown that an accurate description of the fluence-dependent film absorption leads to a prediction of the etch depth versus pulse fluence relationship in good agreement with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 235-241 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words In situ detection of mRNA ; Bacillus ; megaterium ; Extracellular neutral protease ; nprM ; In vitro transcripts ; Whole-cell hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcripts of nprM, the gene encoding the major extracellular protease of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581, were detected by both Northern blot analysis and whole-cell hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled in vitro transcripts throughout the exponential growth phase and the early stationary phase. In cells of the late stationary phase, only low amounts of transcripts were observed with the two techniques. No transcripts could be detected in spores. In soil the presence of mRNA of nprM could be demonstrated by whole-cell hybridization in growing cells germinated from heat-activated spores until they reached the late transition state. No transcripts of nprM were detected in cells containing forespores. Both cells grown in pure culture and in soil had to be permeabilized with lysozyme to allow hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled probes. These results demonstrate the applicability of nucleic-acid probing techniques to localize microbial processes in soil. The approach described of detecting mRNA in fixed bacterial cells should facilitate in situ studies of gene transcription and specific activities in individual cells in heterogeneous environmental systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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