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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 3 (1995), S. 313-316 
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) ; Abdominal wall metastasis ; Complication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has become a widely used method for nutritional support, particularly in patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas. Since the method is easy and widely established it is necessary to assess possible complications, even rare ones. In this paper we report on two patients with vaccination metastasis following PEG insertion. Both patients had advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or the upper esophagus. In three patients previous bougienage was performed, because of considerable stenosis of the pharynx and/or esophagus. Fast-growing metastases were found at the site of PEG insertion, with and without involvement of the gastric wall. In neither case was abdominal wall metastasis the cause of death. There is a small but definite risk of tumor seeding into the abdominal wall after PEG insertion for obstructive malignant tumors. The clinical impact of this finding, however, is still undefined and needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxydation of lithoxy-methylidynephosphane ; bis(1,2-dimethoxyethane-O,O′)bis(tetrahydrofuran-O(μ-1,2,4-triphospholo[1,2-α]-1,2,4-triphosphol-1,3,5,7-tetraonato(2-)-O1,O7:O3,O5)dilithium ; molecule with a butterfly structure ; lithium diacylphosphanide with unusual E,E configuration ; X-ray structure determination ; 31P{1H} and 13C{1H} nmr spectra ; calculations for an ABMM′X spin system ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkylidynephosphanes and -arsanes. II. Oxydation of Lithoxy-methylidynephosphane P≡C—O—Li with Sulphur Dioxide and IodineAt -50°C bis(1,2-dimethoxyethane-O,O′)lithoxymethylidynephosphane P≡C—O—Li(dme)21,2) (1 a) [2] reacts almost quantitatively with sulphur dioxide or iodine in 1,2-dimethoxyethane solution to give bis(1,2-dimethoxyethane-O,O′)bis(tetrahydrofuran-O)(μ-1,2,4-triphospholo[1,2-a]-1,2,4-triphosphol-1,3,5,7-tetraonato(2-)-O1,O7:O3,O5)dilithium (2 a) and lithium dithionite or iodide respectively. From the reaction with sulphur dioxide the crystalline, pale yellow compound is obtained in 40% yield. The formation of the unusual anionic heterocycle, built up of four PCO units, may be explained by an oxydation of two [P≡C—O]- species first, followed by a nucleophilic attack of two other [P≡C—O]- anions and coupled „intramolecular“ cycloaddition reactions. In the 31P{1H} nmr spectrum two phosphorus atoms each of coordination number two and three give rise to two triplets with chemical shift values of 81.4 and 36.9 ppm and a 2J(PP) coupling constant of 31.7 Hz; the 13C{1H} resonances of the [(PCO)4]2- anion come from an ABMM′X spin system, the X part being discussed in detail.An X-ray structure determination {Cmcm; a = 1 277.14(11); b = 1 487.7(2); c = 1 556.94(11) pm at -100 ± 3°C; Z = 4 molecules; R1 = 0.061; wR2 = 0.150} shows compound 2 a to crystallize as a neutral complex of symmetry mm2. The anionic part of the molecule consists of two anellated 1,2-dihydro-5-oxo-1,2,4-triphosphol-3-olate rings which share the central P—P unit (P1—P1′ 215.3; P1-C1 189.1; C1P2 178.4; C1O1 123.9pm; C1—P1—P1′ 98.4; Cl—P1—C1″ 91.2; C1P2C1′ 98.7°). Thus compound 2a may be assigned to the group of P—P heterocycles with a butterfly structure [71-75] as well as to the well-known diacylphosphanides taking into account, however, the unusual E,E configuration of both O=C—P=C—O- units. The lithium cations are square pyramidally coordinate (Li—O 193.5 to 209.1 pm), each additionally binding an 1,2-dimethoxyethane and a tetrahydrofuran molecule.
    Notes: Bis(1,2-dimethoxyethan-O,O′)lithoxy-methylidinphosphan P≡C—O—Li(dme)2(1,2) (1 a) [2] setzt sich bei -50°C mit Schwefeldioxid oder Iod in 1,2-Dimethoxyethan annähernd quantitativ zu dem mit 40proz. Ausbeute aus dem zuerst genannten Ansatz kristallin isolierten Bis(1,2-dimethoxyethan-O,O′)bis(tetrahydrofuran-O)(μ-1,2,4-triphospholo[1,2-a]-1,2,4-triphosphol-1,3,5,7-tetraonato(2-)-O1,O7:O3,O5)dilithium (2 a) und Lithiumdithionit bzw. -iodid um. Die Bildung des aus vier PCO-Einheiten aufgebauten anionischen Heterozyklus läßt sich über eine Redoxreaktion, den nachfolgenden nukleophilen Angriff weiterer [P≡C—O]--Anionen und sich anschließende, gekoppelte „intramolekulare“ Cycloadditionen verstehen. Das 31P{1H}-NMR-Spektrum weist zwei Tripletts mit δ-Werten von 81,4 und 36,9 ppm sowie einer 2J(PP)-Kopplungskonstanten von 31,7 Hz für je zwei Phosphoratome der Koordinationszahlen zwei und drei auf; die 13C{1H}-Resonanzen des [(PCO)4]2--Anions gehören zu einem ABMM′X-Spektrum, dessen X-Teil analysiert wird.Nach den Ergebnissen einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse {Cmcm; a = 1 277,14(11); b = 1 487,7(2); c = 1 556,94(11) pm bei -100 ± 3°C; Z = 4 Moleküle; R1 = 0,061; wR2 = 0,150} an blaßgelben Kristallen liegt Verbindung 2 a als Neutralkomplex mit der Symmetrie mm2 vor. Der anionische Molekülteil baut sich aus zwei an der P—P-Gruppe anellierten 1,2-Dihydro-5-oxo-1,2,4-triphosphol-3-olat-Ringen (P1—P1′ 215,3; P1—C1 189,1; C1P2 178,4; C1O1 123,9 pm; C1-P1-P1′ 98,4; C1—P1—C1″ 91,2; C1P2C1′ 98,7°) auf. Er kann sowohl den P—P-Heterozyklen mit Schmetterlingsstruktur [71-75] als auch den Diacylphosphaniden mit einer allerdings ungewöhnlichen E,E-Konfiguration beider O=C—P=C—O--Einheiten zugeordnet werden. Freie Valenzen an den beiden quadratisch pyramidal koordinierten Lithium-Kationen (Li—O 193,5 bis 209,1 pm) werden durch je einen 1,2-Dimethoxyethan-und Tetrahydrofuran-Liganden abgesättigt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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