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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuromuskuläres Monitoring ; M. adductor pollicis ; M. orbicularis oculi ; Cisatracurium ; Atracurium ; Key words Neuromuscular monitoring ; Adductor pollicis muscle ; Orbicularis oculi muscle ; Cisatracurium ; Atracurium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectives: Muscle relaxants have different pharmacodynamic profiles in various muscles. Therefore, results obtained for one muscle cannot be extrapolated to other muscles. In the adductor pollicis muscle cisatracurium exerts a pharmacodynamic profile comparable to atracurium, despite the known difference in onset time. However, studies evaluating the neuromuscular effect of cisatracurium in different muscles are lacking. Accordingly, this study compares the pharmacodynamic profile of cisatracurium and atracurium in the orbicularis oculi muscle (OO) – which shows a neuromuscular course similar to the diaphragm and the laryngeal muscles – and the adductor pollicis muscle (AP). Methods: Forty-five patients (ASA I–II), scheduled for elective spinal surgery were anaesthetized with propofol and fentanyl. Endotracheal intubation was performed without using a muscle relaxant. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored using acceleromyography in both muscles. Patients received 0.1 mg/kg (2× ED95) or 0.15 mg/kg (3× ED95) cisatracurium, or 0.5 mg/kg atracurium (2× ED95) at random. Onset and recovery times were measured according to the recommendation of the Copenhagen Consensus Conference. Results: Onset time was significantly shorter in the OO than in the AP following 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium and 0.5 mg/kg atracurium (P〈0.05). No differences in onset time between the two muscles were found after 0.1 mg/kg cisatracurium. The recovery of T1 to 10% of its control was completed sooner in the OO than in the AP in all three groups (P〈0.05). Conclusions: Cisatracurium shows a dose-dependent shorter onset time in the OO than in the AP. This is consistent with the current view that the onset of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers is more rapid in the OO than in the AP. However, at least a dose of 3× ED95 of cisatracurium was necessary to show a difference in onset time between both muscles. In contrast, atracurium is reported to lead to a significantly shorter onset of neuromuscular block in the OO following 2× the ED95. The more rapid recovery of T1 to 10% of its control in all three groups in the OO is due to the relative resistance of this muscle to muscle relaxants.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Muskelrelaxanzien zeigen ein unterschiedliches pharmakodynamisches Wirkungsprofil an verschiedenen Muskelgruppen. Am M. adductor pollicis hat Cisatracurium, bis auf eine längere Anschlagzeit, ein vergleichbares pharmakodynamisches Profil wie Atracurium. Untersuchungen an anderen Muskelgruppen wurden für Cisatracurium bisher nicht durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden klinischen Studie sollte daher die neuromuskuläre Wirkung von Cisatracurium am M. orbicularis oculi (OO) – dessen neuromuskuläre Reaktion annähernd derjenigen des Diaphragmas und der Larynxmuskulatur entspricht – und am M. adductor pollicis (AP) im Vergleich mit Atracurium untersucht werden. Methodik: Untersucht wurden 45 Patienten (ASA I–II), die sich einer elektiven Wirbelsäulenoperation unterziehen mußten. Nach Narkoseeinleitung erfolgte die Intubation ohne vorherige Injektion eines Muskelrelaxans. An beiden Muskeln wurde die evozierte Muskelantwort mittels Akzeleromyographie gemessen. Die Patienten erhielten randomisiert 0,1 mg/kg (2× ED95), 0,15 mg/kg (3× ED95) Cisatracurium oder 0,5 mg/kg Atracurium (2× ED95). Die Anschlag- und Erholungszeiten wurden entsprechend den Empfehlungen der Copenhagen Consensus Conference definiert. Ergebnisse: Nach 0,15 mg/kg Cisatracurium und 0,5 mg/kg Atracurium waren die Anschlagzeiten am OO kürzer als am AP (p〈0,05). Nach 0,1 mg/kg Cisatracurium fanden sich keine Unterschiede in den Anschlagzeiten zwischen beiden Muskeln. Der Zeitintervall bis zur 10% Erholung der T1-Antwort war in allen drei Gruppen am OO kürzer als am AP (p〈0,05). Schlußfolgerung: Cisatracurium zeigt eine dosisabhängig kürzere Anschlagzeit am OO als am AP. Dieser Befund steht im Einklang mit der bisherigen Erfahrung, daß nicht- depolarisierende Muskelrelaxanzien dosisabhängig eine kürzere Anschlagzeit am OO haben im Vergleich mit dem AP. Auffallend war, daß dieser Unterschied zwischen beiden Muskeln erst ab einer 3fachen ED95 auftrat, während für Atracurium eine schnellere Anschlagzeit am OO bereits ab einer 2fachen ED95 beschrieben wird. Die höhere Resistenz des OO gegenüber Muskelrelaxanzien erklärt die schnellere Erholung der T1-Antwort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Hyaluronan ; glycosaminoglycans ; GAG synthesis ; GAG degradation ; chick embryo ; fibroblasts ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to evaluate the relationship between glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and degradation, the effect of NH4Cl, which inhibits lysosomal degradation, on GAG production was analysed in vitro in concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated fibroblasts from 7 and 14-day-old chick embryos. 35SO4 incorporation into total proteoglycan (PG), 3H incorporation into individual GAG classes, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase and β-D-glucuronidase activity were determined. The results indicate a correlation between Con A and NH4Cl effects: NH4Cl induced a reduction principally in the GAG classes most stimulated by Con A. Thus HA and DS are much more stimulated by Con A and inhibited by NH4Cl than are CS and HS.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: titanium coated with plasma spray or hydroxyapatite ; cell proliferation ; glycosaminoglycans ; human bone cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bone cells derived from the human jaw were cultured on titanium, titanium coated with hydroxyapatite (THA) or with plasma spray (TPS) to study the behaviour of the cells anchored to implant substrates. Bone cells were cultured in MEM with the addition of [3H]-thymidine to evaluate cellular proliferation, and [3H]-glucosamine to evaluate GAG synthesis and accumulation in the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, to study the degradation of GAG bone cells were cultured in the presence of NH4Cl, an amine known to inhibit lysosomal activity. Our results show that TPS is the substrate that favours both cellular proliferation and the accumulation of GAG in the ECM. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 13 (1995), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; glycosaminoglycans ; fibroblasts ; colchicine ; nocodazole ; cytochalasin B ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several studies indicate that the cytoskeleton may be involved in modulating the cellular response to environmental signals. We have studied the role of the cytoskeleton in regulating glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and secretion, hyaluronate (HA) endocytosis, the activities of hexoglycosidases, protein synthesis and secretion. Fibroblasts were treated with colchicine (1-8 μM) and nocodazole (1 or 4 μM) to alter microtubules or cytochalasin B (0·5-4 μM) to alter microfilaments. Colchicine inhibited GAG synthesis and secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. It reduced protein and sulphated GAG secretion, while HA secretion was not affected. Concentration-dependent disruption of microtubules from the periphery toward the cellular centre with nocodazole inhibited only the secretion of GAG. Centrosomal microtubles appeared to be required to promote GAG synthesis; intact microtubules promoted the transport of secretory products, intercompatmental transport of lysosomal enzymes and lysosome maturation, but not protein synthesis and HA secretion. Cytochalasin B treatment inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the synthesis and secretion of GAGs and proteins, and the endocytosis of HA. Intact microfilament mesh-works appeared to be required to promote synthesis and secretion of proteins and proteoglycans and to contribute to the transmembrane control of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Drug treatment of concanvalin A (Con A)-stimulated fibroblasts inhibited the stimulation of GAG synthesis. It is probable that this effect may result, in part, from drug-induced effects on Con A-mediated endocytosis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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