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  • Altersbestimmung  (2)
  • Acellular pertussis  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus conjugate vaccine when administered separately or mixed with concomitant diphtheria-tetanus-toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine for primary and for booster immunizations (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 208-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key wordsHaemophilus influenzae type b ; Acellular pertussis ; Vaccination ; PRP-tetanus ; Diphtheria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With an increasing number of new vaccines available for routine childhood immunization, combination vaccines are needed in order to maintain or achieve a high compliance with recommended immunization programmes. In a prospective, randomized, comparative, multi-centre study, 822 healthy infants were enrolled to receive three doses of either a candidate or a commercially available Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine concomitantly with diphtheria-, tetanus- acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. Study subjects were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (1) separate, or (2) mixed injection of DTaP and candidate Hib vaccine, or (3) separate injection of DTaP and commercial Hib vaccine. One year later the first 189 study subjects received either separate or mixed injections of the same Hib and DTaP vaccines as booster doses. Evaluation of reactogenicity was based on diary cards completed by parents. Immunogenicity was documented by measuring IgG antibody concentrations in serum samples taken before and 4 weeks after primary and booster vaccination. No serious adverse events occurred and most local and systemic reactions were mild to moderate. Booster doses were more reactogenic than primary doses with all groups. Antibody concentrations against pertussis antigens were similar to those seen with DTaP alone. All but one subject had protective antibody concentrations against diphtheria and tetanus. Primary immune response to the Hib vaccine was significantly lower in the group receiving the mixed Hib-DTaP vaccine, however, ≥95% of vaccinees had anti-Hib antibody concentrations ≥0.15 μg/ml and there was a marked booster response (〉100-fold) in all groups. Conclusions Mixing DTaP and Hib vaccines for primary immunization caused a decrease in anti-Hib antibody response, although after primary immunization as after booster doses, all subjects showed antibody concentrations considered to be protective for invasive Hib disease. Mixing of the vaccines did not result in increased reactogenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050797
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur forensischen Osteologie (1970)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 67 (1970), S. 230-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Schädelnähte ; Altersbestimmung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfasung An 162 Individuen aller Altersstufen, 100 männlichen und 62 weiblichen, wird die Verknöcherung der drei großen Suturen des Hirnschädels untersucht und mit dem Alter korreliert. Dabei fand sich eine stärkere Altersabhängigkeit der Verknöcherung der inneren Nähte. Während die Verknöcherung der äußeren Nähte dem Alter linear korreliert war, wies die Regressionsfunktion der inneren Nahtverknöcherung Abweichungen von der Linearität auf. Die Verknöcherung der inneren Nähte verläuft schneller und erreicht im Durchschnitt höhere Verknöcherungsgrade. Eine Varianzanalyse zeigt, daß der in früheren Untersuchungen oft behauptete Geschlechtdimorphismus im Ablauf der Nahtverknöcherung nicht besteht, und die gefundenen geringen Differenzen zwischen den Geschlechtern zufällig sind. Bei der Berechnung der Vertrauensintervalle für eine Altersschätzung an den Schädelnähten fand sich bei 95% iger Sicherheit ein Intervall von ±32 Jahren für die äußeren und ± 25 Jahren für die inneren Nähte. Die Altersschätzung anhand der Schädelnähte ist damit sehr ungenau, so daß diese niemals allein zur Altersbestimmung herangezogen werden sollten.
    Notes: Summary Closure of the three sutures of the cranial vault is investigated in 162 individuals of both sexes, 100 males and 62 females, and correlated to age. Age dependence was found stronger for the endocranial sutures. Synostosis of the ectocranial sutures was correlated rectlinear to age, while the regression function for the endocranial sutures showed deviations from rectlinearity. Suture closure proceeds more quickly in endocranial sutures and reaches higher degrees. From an analysis of variance it could be derived, that sex-differences ln suture closure as they were reported in former investigations are due to chance. Sex really does not show any influence on suture closure. Calculation of the confidence intervals for prediction of age from the degree of synostosis of vault sutures assured, that estimation of age from the cranial sutures is very unreliable. The 95% confidence interval was ± 32 years for the ecto- and ± 25 years for the endocranial sutures. Synostosis of the sutures by it's own may therefor never be employed as an estimation of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053747
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur forensischen Osteologie (1970)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 67 (1970), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Osteologie ; Identifikation ; Pneumatisation Warzenfortsatz ; Altersbestimmung ; Geschlechtsbestimmung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Pneumatisation von 91 Warzenfortsätzen erwachsener Menschen wird mittels Röntgendensitometrie in bezug auf Alters-, Geschlechts-, Seiten- und Volumen-abhängigkeit untersucht. Dabei läßt sich nur eine geringe Abhängigkeit (10%) vom Volumen des Proc. mastoid. feststellen. In der Literatur wird ein Zusammenwirken multipler Faktoren bei der Pneumatisation des Warzenfortsatzes angenommen, wobei die Größe des Muskelhöckers von funktionellen, hormonellen und hereditären Faktoren beeinflußt werden soll. Zum Teil wird auch die Meinung vertreten, daß sein mechanisch entlasteter Innenraum je nach der „Kraft der Schleimhaut“ entweder von dieser oder von spongiösem Knochen in der Art einer „Verdrängungsreaktion“ ausgefüllt wird. Als Merkmal zur Individualidentifikation ist die Pneumatisation des Mastoides aufgrund unterschiedlicher, individualspezifischer Ausformung der Cellulae durchaus geeignet; eine Alters- und Geschlechtsidentifikation unbekannter Einzelstücke ist jedoch nicht möglich.
    Notes: Summary X-ray densitometry of 91 adult mastoid processes and their relationships to sex and age as well as to the volume of the processes was carried out. No relationship to age or sex could be determined, however, a small correlation with the volume (10%) was ascertained. The pneumatization of the mastoid process supposedly depends on multiple factors, particularly functional, hormonal and hereditary. Some, however, believe that mucous membrane or spongious bone occupy the inner spaces of the process, depending on a mutual “displacement reaction”. The mastoid process is suitable for individual identification on the basis of the specific structure of its air spaces. Age and sex determination is impossible using unknown single specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200357
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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