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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (3)
  • Co-Cu-O  (1)
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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the layer sequence and morphology in solid-state displacement reactions (1984)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 22 (1984), S. 161-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: displacement reactions ; ternary diffusion ; multiphase diffusion ; diffusion path ; Ni-Cu-O ; Co-Cu-O ; Fe-Ni-O ; Fe-Cu-O ; Cu-Ni-S ; Fe-Ni-S ; Cr-Ni-S
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In displacement reactions of the type pA+BqX→qB+ApX, two main forms of the layer sequence have been found in the reaction layer, namely, A/ApX/B/BqX and A/B/ApX/BqX. In this paper it is argued that the thermodynamics of the system, more specifically the dependence of the activity of element X on the mole ratio between the elements A and B, determines the initial layer sequence. Various morphological variants of the two basic types may develop because of the kinetics. The prediction of the layer sequence and morphology made on the basis of this theory has been verified on a number of oxidic and sulfidic systems. It is, however, pointed out that these predictions also can be applied to purely metallic ternary systems and to other types of reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656903
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of carbon in binary carbides. I - principles and procedures (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 15 (1986), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Introductory investigations performed in order to make quantitative electron-probe microanalysis of very light elements such as boron, carbon, nitrogen or oxygen possible are described. The practical problems encountered in this kind of work are discussed in detail and, where possible, solutions are proposed. It is shown that with very light elements such as carbon it is no longer permitted to measure x-ray intensities at the position of the maximum of the emission peak as the shape of the carbon Kα peak is subject to strong alterations, depending on the type of chemical bond involved. As a consequence, integral measurements have to be performed and it is shown that errors of 30-50% can easily be made if this is neglected. The lengthy procedures, connected with integral intensity measurements, can be shortened considerably by the introduction of area/peak factors, which, by definition, represent the ratio between the correct area (integral) and the peak intensity ratio. The accurate determination of such factors for 13 binary carbides is described. This set of factors will permit future measurements simply on the peak; multiplication of the peak intensity ratio by the appropriate area/peak factors will then yield the correct integral intensity ratios.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300150212
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the use of Gaussian φ(ρz) curves in quantitative electron probe microanalysis: A new optimization (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computer program based on the use of Gaussian expressions for the x-ray distribution with depth [φ(ρz)curves] was tested on its usefulness for quantitative electron probe microanalysis. As the good results originally claimed for a similar program could not be reproduced initially, it was subjected to a detailed analysis. As a result, some modifications in the approach are proposed. Apart from increasing the speed of calculation considerably, the modified expressions provide a better insight into the delicate balance which has to exit between the relevant quantities involved. After a new optimization process the modified program was tested on about 450 published microanalyses. The results show that the φ(ρz) approach is indeed very promising as a narrow histogram with an r. m. s. value of 5. 4% could be produced. Finally, some suggestions are made for future improvements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300130211
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of carbon in binary carbides. IIFor Part I, see p. 135 - data reduction and comparison of programs (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 15 (1986), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The performances of four current matrix correction programs have been tested on a data file of measurements on 13 binary carbides between 4 and 30 kV. Both the metal lines as well as the carbon Kα line have been measured, which resulted in 145 k ratios for the metals (relative to elemental standards) and 117 integral k ratios for carbon Kα (relative to Fe3C).Evidence is presented that the existing sets of mass absorption coefficients for carbon Kα radiation are perhaps not fully consistent and a new set is therefore proposed, which is in better agreement with the experimental results. Finally, it is shown that the modified Gaussian φ(ρz) approach, when used in conjunction with the new set of mass absorption coefficients, leads to unexpectedly good results, with a relative root-mean-square value of 3.7%. This demonstrates that even for carbon very good accuracy can be obtained, provided that proper care is exercised in the measurements and the proper procedures are followed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300150213
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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