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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain differences in response to drugs in the tail suspension test for antidepressant activity (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Antidepressants ; Behavioural despair ; Tail suspension test ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of several types of antidepressants in a recently developed “behavioural despair” model, the tail-suspension test, are described. Drug effects on the automatically recorded duration of immobility and power of movements were measured in three strains of mice. Only in one strain (NMRI) did almost all antidepressants tested showed the expected reduction in duration of immobility. Tranquillizing drugs, but not stimulants, could be distinguished from antidepressants. The power of movements could not definitively be related to the pharmacological profile of the drugs tested. The use of the tail-suspension test as a rapid and highly predictive behavioural primary screen for antidepressant drugs is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215493
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flesinoxan shows antidepressant activity in a DRL 72-s screen (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 107 (1992), S. 474-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Flesinoxan ; 5HT1A agonist ; Serotonin ; Antidepressants ; Differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 72-s ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Schedules which selectively reinforce low rates of responding (DRL, differential reinforcement of low rate) distinguish between antidepressants and other types of drugs. In a DRL schedule a subject is required to pause for a specified minimum period of time between two consecutive responses in order to obtain a reinforcer. The dependent variables are rate of responding and rate of reinforcement. Response patterns of rats treated with clinically effective antidepressant drugs such as imipramine (2.0–32.0 mg/kg) or fluvoxamine (4.0–32.0 mg/kg) are characterized by a decrease in response rate and an increase in reinforcement rate. Treatment with the 5-HT1A agonist flesinoxan (0.1–3.0 mg/kg) also dose-dependently decreased response rates while at the same time increasing reinforcement rates. Chlordiazepoxide (2.5–20.0 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.25–2.0 mg/kg) had no effects in the present experiment.d-Amphetamine increased response rates at low doses (0.5–2.0 mg/kg), and decreased it at the higher doses (4.0 mg/kg), but reinforcement rates were unaltered. Overall analysis of the effects of haloperidol (0.02–0.32 mg/kg) showed decreased responding and increased reinforcement rates. Post hoc analysis, however, clearly differentiated between haloperidol's profile and that of the antidepressants. As such, the results of the present experiment show that flesinoxan might possess antidepressant activity in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245258
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive validity of the potentiated startle response as a behavioral model for anxiolytic drugs (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 118 (1995), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Fear-potentiated startle ; Behavioral models ; Predictive validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fear-potentiated startle (PSR) paradigm is a putative behavioral model for the determination of anxiolytic properties of drugs. The present study further investigated the predictive validity of the model. Predictive validity is high, when only drugs clinically used as anxiolytics attenuate PSR dose dependently. Results showed that startle potentiation decreased dose dependently after the administration of the anxiolytics CDP (2.5–10 mg/kg, IP) and alprazolam (1–3 mg/kg, IP). After administration of the clinically non-anxiolytic drugs amitriptyline (2.5–10 mg/kg, IP), carbamazepine (5–20 mg/kg, IP), fentanyl (0.0025–0.04 mg/kg, SC), naloxone (2.5–10 mg/kg, IP), nicotine (0.4–1.6 mg/kg, IP), alcohol (500–2000 mg/kg, IP), andd-amphetamine (0.6–2.4 mg/kg, IP), a dose-dependent decrease in startle potentiation was not found. The PSR correctly discriminated most of the drugs tested in clinically anxiolytic and clinically non-anxiolytic drugs. However, haloperidol behaved as a false positive, and results of nicotine and alcohol were at variance with results reported by others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245833
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of guinea pig pup isolation calls by anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 128 (1996), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Distress vocalizations ; Guinea pig pup ; Anxiolytics ; Antidepressants ; Benzodiazepines ; 5-HT1A receptor ligands ; 5-HT uptake inhibitors ; NA uptake inhibitor ; 5-CT ; 5-HT1D receptor ; Alcohol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Guinea pigs possess central 5-HT1D receptors similar to humans but different from rats and mice. In order to study the role of this receptor on animal behaviour, it may be of interest to develop a paradigm measuring affective states in the guinea pig. Therefore we assessed the effects of a variety of psychotropic drugs on guinea pig pup isolation calls. Anxiolytic compounds such as the benzodiazepine receptor agonists diazepam and alprazolam, the full 5-HT1A receptor agonists 8-OH-DPAT and flesinoxan, and alcohol reduced isolation calling by the guinea pig pup. Moreover, mixed antidepressant/anxiolytic compounds like the 5-HT uptake inhibitors fluvoxamine and clomipramine or the MAO-inhibitor clorgyline as well as the antidepressant NA uptake inhibitors desipramine and maprotiline suppressed vocalizations. The 5-HT1D/1A receptor agonist 5-CT was also very effective in reducing separation calls. Remarkably, the partial 5-HT1A receptor agonists buspirone and BMY 7378 did not affect calling. The neuroleptic haloperidol, the psychostimulant d-amphetamine, the putative anxiogenics DMCM and m-CPP and the putative anxiolytics ondansetron and CI-988 had no effect on isolation calls of guinea pig pups. We propose this paradigm could be helpful to assess behavioural effects of anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs in a species different from rat or mouse, and in which the effects of 5-HT1D receptor ligands may possibly be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fear-potentiated startle response is remarkably similar in two laboratories (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Fear-potentiated startle response ; Predictive validity ; Reliability ; Oxazepam ; Flesinoxan ; Fluvoxamine ; Strychnine-potentiated startle response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fear-potentiated startle response paradigm is used to investigate anxiolytic properties of drugs. The first objective of the present study was to further investigate the predictive validity of this paradigm. The anxiolytics chlordiazepoxide (2.5–10 mg/kg IP) and oxazepam (1–10 mg/kg PO) and the putative anxiolytic flesinoxan (1–10 mg/kg PO) decreased startle potentiation dose-dependently, indicating an anxiolytic effect. The antidepressant fluvoxamine (5–20 mg/kg PO) did not affect startle potentiation. Ideally, anxiolytic drugs attenuate startle potentiation without affecting control startle levels, although some studies report altered control startle amplitudes. The second objective was to investigate whether different effects on control startle amplitudes are related to different startle devices. Therefore, the drugs were tested in two laboratories. Results showed no significant differences between laboratories, indicating that equipment is not a critical factor in the drug-induced alteration of control startle levels. In an additional experiment, it was shown that flesinoxan (10 mg/kg PO) did not affect strychnine-induced startle potentiation, supporting the idea that the attenuating effect of flesinoxan on the fear-potentiated startle response is due to its anxiolytic properties. Thus, the fear-potentiated startle response paradigm appears a valid and reliable model for anxiolytic properties of drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246344
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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