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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subjective, clinical and EMG effects of biofeedback and splint treatment (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Patients suffering from myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) were trained to maintain constant levels of EMG masseter activity with the aid of biofeedback. Treatment effects were compared with the effects of a nightly full-coverage splint and with a no-treatment control group. The biofeedback group showed significantly more improvement in clinical dysfunction and subjective symptoms related to pain and mandibular movement than either the splint group or the control group. The results of the splint group were not substantially different from the control group. The EMG results indicate that during biofeedback the ratio between EMG activity of the trained and the non-trained masseter shifted towards a higher contribution of the trained muscle. This effect was significant at high task levels. During biofeedback EMG task performance improved but this effect did not generalize to non-feedback situations. It is suggested that the treatment effects of biofeedback depend upon the increase in perceived control reported by the biofeedback group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1986.tb00676.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive validity of the potentiated startle response as a behavioral model for anxiolytic drugs (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 118 (1995), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Fear-potentiated startle ; Behavioral models ; Predictive validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fear-potentiated startle (PSR) paradigm is a putative behavioral model for the determination of anxiolytic properties of drugs. The present study further investigated the predictive validity of the model. Predictive validity is high, when only drugs clinically used as anxiolytics attenuate PSR dose dependently. Results showed that startle potentiation decreased dose dependently after the administration of the anxiolytics CDP (2.5–10 mg/kg, IP) and alprazolam (1–3 mg/kg, IP). After administration of the clinically non-anxiolytic drugs amitriptyline (2.5–10 mg/kg, IP), carbamazepine (5–20 mg/kg, IP), fentanyl (0.0025–0.04 mg/kg, SC), naloxone (2.5–10 mg/kg, IP), nicotine (0.4–1.6 mg/kg, IP), alcohol (500–2000 mg/kg, IP), andd-amphetamine (0.6–2.4 mg/kg, IP), a dose-dependent decrease in startle potentiation was not found. The PSR correctly discriminated most of the drugs tested in clinically anxiolytic and clinically non-anxiolytic drugs. However, haloperidol behaved as a false positive, and results of nicotine and alcohol were at variance with results reported by others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245833
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fear-potentiated startle response is remarkably similar in two laboratories (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Fear-potentiated startle response ; Predictive validity ; Reliability ; Oxazepam ; Flesinoxan ; Fluvoxamine ; Strychnine-potentiated startle response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fear-potentiated startle response paradigm is used to investigate anxiolytic properties of drugs. The first objective of the present study was to further investigate the predictive validity of this paradigm. The anxiolytics chlordiazepoxide (2.5–10 mg/kg IP) and oxazepam (1–10 mg/kg PO) and the putative anxiolytic flesinoxan (1–10 mg/kg PO) decreased startle potentiation dose-dependently, indicating an anxiolytic effect. The antidepressant fluvoxamine (5–20 mg/kg PO) did not affect startle potentiation. Ideally, anxiolytic drugs attenuate startle potentiation without affecting control startle levels, although some studies report altered control startle amplitudes. The second objective was to investigate whether different effects on control startle amplitudes are related to different startle devices. Therefore, the drugs were tested in two laboratories. Results showed no significant differences between laboratories, indicating that equipment is not a critical factor in the drug-induced alteration of control startle levels. In an additional experiment, it was shown that flesinoxan (10 mg/kg PO) did not affect strychnine-induced startle potentiation, supporting the idea that the attenuating effect of flesinoxan on the fear-potentiated startle response is due to its anxiolytic properties. Thus, the fear-potentiated startle response paradigm appears a valid and reliable model for anxiolytic properties of drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246344
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulus properties of fluvoxamine in a conditioned taste aversion procedure (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 140 (1998), S. 496-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor ; Fluvoxamine ; Fluoxetine ; Stimulus properties ; Conditioned taste aversion ; 5-HT1A receptor ; 5-HT2C receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A conditioned taste aversion (CTA) procedure in mice was used to investigate the stimulus effects of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluvoxamine and fluoxetine. Fluvoxamine elicited a reliable CTA (ED50 = 24 mg/kg, SC) and a number of drugs were tested as pre-exposure drugs. Pre-exposure to the serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonists flesinoxan and ±-8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT) prevented the CTA induced by fluvoxamine (50 mg/kg, SC). Pre-exposure with the 5-HT2C receptor agonist MK 212 [6-chloro-2(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine] partially prevented the fluvoxamine-induced CTA, pre-exposure with the 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist DOI [1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane HCl] did not prevent the CTA induced by fluvoxamine. Flesinoxan pre-exposure also prevented the taste aversion induced by fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, SC) completely. This contrasts previous results obtained with fluoxetine, where was found that its stimulus is primarily mediated by 5-HT2C, and to a lesser degree by 5-HT1A receptors. Therefore, we compared the two SSRIs directly. Pre-exposure to fluvoxamine prevented the fluoxetine-induced CTA, whereas pre-exposure to fluoxetine only partially prevented the fluvoxamine-induced CTA. We conclude that 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the stimulus properties of both fluvoxamine and fluoxetine, that 5-HT2C receptors are involved in fluvoxamine and especially fluoxetine, and , based primarily on the cross-comparison tests, that the two SSRIs have somewhat different stimulus properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050794
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonists, 5-HT1A receptor antagonists and their interaction on the fear-potentiated startle response (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 139 (1998), S. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Anxiety ; Fear-potentiated startle response ; 8-OH-DPAT ; Flesinoxan ; WAY 100 ; 635 ; (±)-Pindolol ; DU 125 ; 530 ; Lower lip retraction ; 5-HT1A receptor agonist ; 5-HT1A receptor antagonist ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study investigated whether the anxiolytic effect of 5-HT1A receptor agonists on the fear-potentiated startle response could be antagonized by 5-HT1A receptor antagonists. Therefore, control and fear-potentiated startle amplitudes were measured after co-administration of vehicle, flesinoxan (10 mg/kg PO) or 8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg SC) and DU 125,530 (0, 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg SC), (±)-pindolol (0, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg SC) or WAY 100,635 (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg SC). Unexpectedly, the three antagonists themselves as measured in the vehicle-pretreatment groups dose-dependently decreased startle potentiation. Further, DU 125,530 and WAY 100,635 were able to reverse the attenuating effect of 8-OH-DPAT, while no antagonism of the flesinoxan effect on startle potentiation was found. In contrast, both the flesinoxan- and 8-OH-DPAT-induced lower lip retraction were antagonized by DU 125,530 and WAY 100,635, but not by (±)-pindolol. The findings of the present study suggest that drugs acting on 5-HT1A receptors differentially affect lower lip retraction and startle potentiation probably mediated by different neuronal populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050729
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