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  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS related complex patients  (1)
  • Antigen and nucleic acid detection  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of shell viral culture and serology for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and immunocompromised subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Neonates ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS related complex patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present retrospective study compares the laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) by the use of “shell vial culture” [i.e., immunoperoxidase staining of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early antigen in human fibroblasts 24 h postinoculation] to the results of serology (i.e. immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA HCMV antibody testing) in 21 infants with congenital or postnatally acquired HCMV infection, 5 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 35 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients who met the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stages IVA and IVB of HIV infection, and 115 patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS (stages IVC-IVE according to CDC criteria). HCMV infection was diagnosed by means of the shell vial culture inoculated with patient samples (e.g., urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, etc.) and serology in 163 (92.6%) and 65 (36.9%) patients, respectively. Viral shedding was detected by shell vial culture in 100% of the neonates, 80% of the patients suffering from lymphoproliferative disorders, 100% of the AIDS related complex (ARC) and 89.6% of the AIDS patients. In contrast, serologic testing for HCMV-specific antibodies was positive in only 28.6%, 42.9%, and 34.8% of the neonates, ARC, and AIDS patients, respectively. In lymphoma patients, serologic testing gave identical results (80%) to the shell vial culture technique. With the use of the shell vial procedure, active HCMV infection in immunocompromised subjects and neonates can be recognized more reliably than by serologic testing. Nevertheless, in a low percentage of patients (7.4%), virus isolation by the shell vial culture may fail to detect HCMV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210232
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human cytomegalovirus infection: Recent developments in diagnosis and epidemiology (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HCMV isolation ; Antigen and nucleic acid detection ; Ig class-specific antibody determination ; Risk groups: pregnancy, blood transfusion, organ transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) is caused by a horizontally or vertically transmitted human herpes virus infection and may persist for life without obvious clinical symptoms. A serious course of horizontal primary and recurrent infections, however, is often observed in immunocompromised persons such as recipients of organ transplants and patients receiving fresh blood transfusions. Vertical infection may cause fetopathies. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is thought to inherit an oncogenic potential as lately discussed for AIDS and M. Kaposi. Laboratory diagnosis of HCMV infection is performed by light microscopy (inclusion bodies), electron microscopy, virus isolation in cell culture, demonstration of viral DNA and antigen in clinical specimens, by histochemical methods (e.g. immunoperoxidase technique) and by DNA and peptide analysis for identification of different isolates and viral finger prints. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity in HCMV infection is performed quantitatively (assessment of Thelper/Tsuppressor ratios) or qualitatively (specific lymphocyte stimulation by the antigen). In most cases laboratory diagnosis is achieved by serological methods, i.e. demonstration and quantitation of HCMV-specific antibodies. In this context, a number of liquid- and solid-phase immunoassays have been developed, of which immunofluorescence and ELISA are most commonly used, besides complement fixation and passive haemaglutination. These procedures on the one hand allow the use of different antigen preparations as early and late viral proteins, and on the other hand permit a specific determination of different Ig classes and subclasses. A variety of assays has been established especially for determination of virus-specific IgM antibodies, which are predominantly found in active infection. These, however, at least in part may show non-specific results caused by interference of rheumatoid factor or IgG competition. Such problems have now been dealt with and are avoided by IgG precipitation or IgM immunosorption (“μ-capture” technique). These recent methods allow an exact epidemiological identification of risk groups for CMV infection. Results from our laboratory revealed 13% HCMV-IgM positive patients among pregnant women, 16% IgM positive patients among renal transplant recipients, 4% igM positive cases in patients after cardiosurgery and 1.7% IgM positives among prostitutes. The prevalence of HCMV infection as indicated by specific IgG antibodies was 56%, 90%, 83%, and 90%, respectively. No IgM antibodies were found in haemophiliacs and healthy blood donours, which showed a prevalence of HCMV infection in 69% and 47% of tested serum samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731469
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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