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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-dose toxicokinetics of aluminum in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 700-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Toxicokinetics ; Rat ; Parenterals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicokinetics of aluminum (Al) in male Wistar rats was studied after single intragastric (IG) doses of 1000 and 12000 μg Al/kg and intravenous (IV) doses of 10, 100, 1000, and 12000 μg Al/kg. Serial blood samples, daily samples of urine and feces as well as brain, liver, kidney, spleen, quadriceps muscle, and femur samples were collected. Al was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Al blood profiles after IV doses were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. Al toxicokinetics was dose dependent and appeared to plateau at 12000 μg/kg. At IV doses between 10 and 1000 μg/kg the terminal half-life of elimination from whole blood (t1/2β) increased from 29.9±7.8 to 209.3±32.6 min, and the total body clearance (CL) decreased from 2.45±0.64 to 0.28±0.03 ml min−1 kg−1. Following an IV bolus of 10 and 100 μg/kg the administered Al was recovered completely from urine (94.4%±9.9% and 98.5%±3.2%). Twenty-nine days after the IV dose of 1000 μg/kg daily renal excretion decreased to baseline values while only 55.1%±8.0% of the dose was excreted. Nineteen days after the single IV dose of 1000 μg/kg Al accumulated in liver (28.1±7.7 versus 1.7±0.5 μg/g of control rats) and spleen (72.5±21.1 versus 〈0.4 μg/g). After the single 1000 μg/kg IG dose no absorption of Al was detectable. The IG dose of 12000 μg/kg resulted in a maximum blood Al level of 47.9±12.4 μg/l after 50 min. The blood concentration time curve fitted a one-compartment open model with a half-life of absorption of 28.2±3.6 min and a t1/2β of 81.2±20.2 min. Cumulative renal Al excretion was 0.18%±0.10% of the dose and oral bioavailability was 0.02%. Seventeen days after the 12000 μg/kg IG dose the Al content in femur samples was increased (2.7±1.3 versus 0.6±0.4 μg/g). In no case was fecal elimination of incorporated Al observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972620
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in febrile children during maximal aplasia after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are similar to those in children with normal hematopoiesis (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 70 (1995), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Interleukin-6 ; Aplasia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Hematopiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be an inducer of the acute-phase response (APR) and to be involved in the pathogenesis of several disease states, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As blood cells of the monocyte lineage are known to be major producers of this cytokine, we wondered whether extreme peripheral leukopenia following total ablation of hematopoiesis could compromise IL-6 production during the first days after allogeneic or autologous BMT. In the absence of detectable circulating leukocytes we measured elevated IL-6 levels in six children having fever (≥38° C) of presumed infectious origin with an average of 74±60 units/ml (range 19–309 units/ml). IL-6 levels in febrile children having a normal hematopoiesis (118±254 units/ml, range 17–1213 units/ml) were not significantly higher than those found in the febrile BMT group (p〉0.05). Moreover, there was a clear association between elevated IL-6 levels and the presence of fever. C-reactive protein (CRP) was also elevated (≥1 mg/dl), whereas tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was undetectable (〈1 pg/ml). Two transplanted patients without fever during the period of total aplasia had neither detectable CRP nor IL-6, thus demonstrating that the transplant procedure itself does not induce an APR. Our data obtained during maximal leukopenia following BMT show that a functional hematopoietic system is not necessary for regular production of IL-6, which is associated with fever. Cells of nonhematopoietic origin may contribute to this production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01696617
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in febrile children during maximal aplasia after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are similar to those in children with normal hematopoiesis (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 70 (1995), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Interleukin-6 ; Aplasia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Hematopiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be an inducer of the acute-phase response (APR) and to be involved in the pathogenesis of several disease states, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As blood cells of the monocyte lineage are known to be major producers of this cytokine, we wondered whether extreme peripheral leukopenia following total ablation of hematopoiesis could compromise IL-6 production during the first days after allogeneic or autologous BMT. In the absence of detectable circulating leukocytes we measured elevated IL-6 levels in six children having fever (≥38°  C) of presumed infectious origin with an average of 74±60 units/ml (range 19–309 units/ml). IL-6 levels in febrile children having a normal hematopoiesis (118±254 units/ml, range 17–1213 units/ml) were not significantly higher than those found in the febrile BMT group (p〉0.05). Moreover, there was a clear association between elevated IL-6 levels and the presence of fever. C-reactive protein (CRP) was also elevated (≥1 mg/dl), whereas tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was undetectable (〈1 pg/ml). Two transplanted patients without fever during the period of total aplasia had neither detectable CRP nor IL-6, thus demonstrating that the transplant procedure itself does not induce an APR. Our data obtained during maximal leukopenia following BMT show that a functional hematopoietic system is not necessary for regular production of IL-6, which is associated with fever. Cells of nonhematopoietic origin may contribute to this production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01696617
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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