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  • Digitale Medien  (6)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (6)
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  • Digitale Medien  (6)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alkali treatment and fermentation of straw for animal feedContribution of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Department of Microbiology. Technical Paper No. 4589, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1015-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The feed value of annual ryegrass straw was improved by treatment with various concentrations of NaOH or NH3 followed by fermentation of the treated straw with a mixed culture of Cellulomonas sp. and Alcaligenes faecalis. Laboratory feeding trials with voles showed that NaOH or NH3 treatment considerably increased the feed efficiency of straw, but apparently gave a poorly palatable product. Fermentation tended to decrease the in vitro rumen digestibility (IVRD) of alkali-treated straw. The fermentations were carried out aerobically on a semisolid straw matrix having 11-86% moisture. Treatment by both NaOH and NH3 increased the IVRD of straw. NH3 also increased the nitrogen content in straw. The optimum condition for alkaline treatment of the straw was 4-6% NaOH for 1 hr or with 3% NH3 for four weeks at room temperature. A minimum of 63% moisture was needed for significant fermentation of the straw. The combined effects of NaOH treatment and fermentation more than doubled crude protein, doubled crude fat, and increased IVRD by 75%. The NH3 plus fermentation treatment tripled crude protein, doubled crude fat, and increased IVRD by 60%. Acetic acid was the main volatile fatty acid in the fermented straw.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200704
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preliminary cost estimates for commercial fermentation of straw as animal feedContribution of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Paper No. 4385, Oregon State University, in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 1817-1830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A preliminary cost estimate was made for two fermentation processes that increase the feed value of grass straw. In one method, straw hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid is fermented by yeast. In the second method, the straw is treated with alkali, then inoculated with cellulolytic bacteria. Both processes increase the digestibility, protein content, and fat content of straw. Production costs estimated for plants processing 100 tons of straw/day by the two methods, were 80 to 88 dollars/ton. Capital costs were estimated at 5.2 million dollars for the acidhydrolysis yeast-fermentation process and at 3.1 million dollars for the alkalicellulolytic bacteria process. Labor, capital, and energy were significant cost factors for both processes. Caustic costs were important in the alkaline-treatment cellulolytic bacteria process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260191207
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    γ-Ray-induced degradation of lignocellulosic materials (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2525-2535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Lignocellulosic plant materials were treated with various swelling agents and exposed to γ radiation from 60Co or 137Cs. At dosages of 50 Mrad or above, lignocellulosic materials were extensively degraded and solubilized in water. Addition of water, NaOH, or H2SO4 to the substrate increased the degree of solubilization. Complete solubilization was achieved for samples of sugarcane bagasse, newspaper, cotton linters, cotton cloth, sawdust, and α-cellulose powder. About 35% total sugar and 5% reducing sugar per dry weight of sugarcane bagasse could be obtained by this method. Most of the soluble carbohydrates seemed to be disaccharides or larger molecules and glucose degradation products. Solubilization of cellulose was dosage dependent and although the rate of solubilization was increased by adding alkali, released sugar was further decomposed by the alkali and by high dosage of radiation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231111
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of refiner defibrizing on the fermentability of ryegrass straw (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 567-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of two grinding methods, hammer milling and defibrizing by disk refining, on the fermentability of ryegrass straw were investigated. Disk refined or defibrized straw produced more sugar than hammer milled straw. Release of sugar was especially pronounced when H2SO4 was added to the straw during the defibrizing process. In vitro rumen digestibility was significantly higher (P 〈 0.1) for defibrized than for hammer milled straw. With semisolid culture the level of yeast growth was about three times as high on the defibrized as on hammer milled straw. A scanning electron micrograph revealed that defibrizing removed the waxy surface of the straw as well as separating fiber bundles, so that the surface area of the exposed fiber structure was increased.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200408
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical and gamma-ray-modified bagasse as substrates for bioproduction of cellulases and proteinNames of companies or commercial products are given solely to provide specific information: Their mention does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2077-2084 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Production of enzymes in the cellulolytic complex was determined in culture filtrates of six fungal isolates grown on chemically treated or gamma-irradiated bagasse. The enzymatic activities of the filtrates were determined by measurement of glucose release from cotton, filter paper, carboxymethylcellulose, cellobiose, and cellobiose octaacetate. Cultures grown on base-treated and gamma-irradiated plus acid-treated bagasse provided culture filtrates with the highest enzymatic activities whereas α-cellulose, untreated, and acid-treated bagasse were the poorest substrates for enzyme production. Filtrates of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 yielded the highest cellulolytic activity in all test media. The largest accumulation of fungal-derived, extracellular protein was observed in media containing gamma-irradiated bagasse as the carbon substrate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250816
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on alcohol production from corn (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2631-2640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Cracked corn was irradiated with gamma rays at 0-100 Mrad and the effects of the irradiation on sugar yield, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, yeast growth, and alcohol production were studied. Gamma irradiation at 50 Mrad or greater produced a considerable amount of reducing sugar but little glucose. At lower dosages, gamma irradiation significantly increased the susceptibility of corn starch to enzymatic hydrolysis, but dosages of 50 Mrad or greater decomposed the starch molecules as indicated by the reduction in iodine uptake. About 12.5% reducing sugar was produced by amylase treatment of uncooked, irradiated corn. This amount exceeded the level of sugar produced from cooked (gelatinized) corn by the same enzyme treatment. The yeast numbers in submerged cultivation were lower on a corn substrate that was irradiated at 50 Mrad or greater compared to that on an unirradiated control. About the same level of alcohol was produced on uncooked, irradiated (105-106 rad) corn as from cooked (121°C for 30 min) corn. Therefore, the conventional cooking process for gelatinization of starch prior to its saccharification can be eliminated by irradiation. Irradiation also eliminated the necessity of sterilization of the medium and reduced the viscosity of high levels of substrate in the fermentation broth.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251111
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