Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (17)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3707-3727 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Selective Catalytic Oxidations, XXXVIIPlatinum Catalyses as Hydride Mechanism: Catalytic Oxidation of Nitrogen and Oxygen HeterocyclesThe reaction of model nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles with platinum catalyst and oxygen as dehydrogenating agent in liquid phase was investigated. Model compounds were piperidine (5), pyrrolidine (12), the piperidazines 16a, b, the cyclic ethers 19, 25, 31, 34, 40, and the cyclic acetals 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 57, 59 and 60. The course and mechanism of the oxidations is discussed on the basis of product analyses. The experimental results are in agreement with a hydride transfer mechanism of the catalytic oxidation, platinum acting as a hydride abstractor. This has been substantiated by treating the dioxolane 60b with platinum and oxygen in the presence of BF3. It was possible to trap the ionic intermediate and to isolate the crystalline acetoxonium tetrafluoroborate 61b.
    Notes: Das Verhalten stickstoff- und sauerstoffhaltiger Heterocyclen bei der katalytischen Oxidation in flüssiger Phase mit Platin als Katalysator und Sauerstoff als Dehydrierungsmittel wurde an Modellsubstanzen untersucht. Als solche dienten Piperidin (5), Pyrrolidin (12), die Piperidazine 16a, b, ferner die cyclischen Äther 19, 25, 31, 34 sowie 40 und schließlich die cyclischen Acetale 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 57, 59 sowie 60. An Hand der Produktanalyse der Oxidationsansätze wird der jeweilige Verlauf der Oxidation diskutiert und mechanistisch gedeutet. Die experimentellen Befunde lassen den Schluß zu, daß die katalytische Oxidation einem Hydridabspaltungsmechanismus folgt, wobei dem Platin die Funktion eines Hydridabstraktors zukommt. Dies konnte durch Behandlung des Dioxolans 60b mit Platin und Sauerstoff in Gegenwart von BF3 bestätigt werden. Es läßt sich die ionische Zwischenstufeabfangen und als kristallines Acetoxonium-tetrafluoroborat 61b isolieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 2678-2680 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Aziridines, 38. On the Regioselectivity of the Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Activated 2-PhenylaziridinesThe ring of 1-mesyl (1c) and 1-(phenylcarbamoyl)-2-phenylaziridine (1d) is opened between N and C-2 (benzylic effect) by some nucleophiles in high yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of New Oxygen Tripod Ligands of the Type [C5R5M{P(O)(OCH3)2}3]- via the Michaelis-Arbusov Reaction. Their Ligand Field Properties and their Coordination ChemistryThe synthesis of the dicationic tris(trialkylphosphite) complexes [C5H5Co{P(OC2H5)3}3]2+ (2a) and [C5H5Co{P(OCH3)3}3]2+ (2b) is described. 2b and [C5(CH3)5Rh{P(OCH3)3}3]2+ (5) react with iodide or cyanide in a sequence of three Michaelis-Arbusov reactions to give the title complexes L- = [C5R5M{P(O)(OCH3)2}3]-, R = CH3, H, M = Rh, Co (1b, 8), and 3 mol CH3I or CH3CN. The anionic complexes L- react as oxygen tripod ligands with metal ions Mn+ in aqueous solutions to form 2:1 complexes [ML2](n-2)+, Mn+ = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Bi3+ (10a-e, i, 11a-e). In all cases the metal ions Mn+ can be postulated to be octahedrally coordinated by the 6 P = O oxygen atoms of the two ligands L-. The cyclopentadienyl complexes [(C5H5)3Ni2]+ and [C5H5Fe(CO)2H2O]+ react readily with L- to yield NiL2 (9b, 10b) and FeL2 (9f, 10f) whereas [{C5(CH3)5RhCl2}2] and [{arene RuCl2}2] form cationic dinuclear sandwich complexes of the type [(ring)M{P(O)R2}3M′(ring′)]+, ring = C5H5, C5(CH3)5, M = Co, Rh, R = OCH3, OC2H5, M′ = Rh, Ru, ring′ = C5(CH3)5, C6H6, p-cymene (e.g. 12, 13). (PPh3)2CuNo3 reacts with L- = [C5H5Co{P(O)(OC2H5)2}3] - to give the copper(I) complex LCuPPh3 (14). The electronic spectra of the 3d transition metal complexes ML2 indicate that the ligand field properties of L- = [C5R5M{P(O)R2′}3]-, R = H, CH3, M = Co, Rh, R′ = OCH3, OC2H5, are nearly independent of R, M, and R′. They are all weak and unexpectedly hard ligands. Their position in the nephelauxetic series in near DMSO and water. The ligand field strength is comparable to the one of fluoride.
    Notes: Die Synthese der zweifach positiv geladenen Tris(trialkylphosphit)-Komplexe [C5H5Co{P(OC2H5)3}3]2+ (2a) und [C5H5Co{P(OCH3)3}3]2+ (2b) wird beschrieben. 2b und [C5(CH3)5Rh{P(OCH3)3}3]2+ (5) reagieren mit Iodid und Cyanid in einer Sequenz von drei Michaelis-Arbusov-artigen Reaktionen zu den Titelkomplexen L- = [C5R5M{P(O)(OCH3)2}3]-, R = CH3, H, M = Rh, Co (1b, 8) unter Abspaltung von 3 mol CH3I bzw. CH3CN. Die anionischen Komplexe L- verhalten sich gegenüber Metall-Ionen Mn+ in wäßriger Lösung wie Sauerstoff-Tripodliganden. Es entstehen 2:1-Komplexe [ML2](n-2)+, Mn+ = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Bi3+ (10a-e,i,11a-e). Die spektroskopischen Daten sprechen in allen Fällen für eine oktaedrische Koordination des Metall-Ions Mn+ durch die 6 P=O-Sauerstoffatome der beiden Liganden L-. Die Cyclopentadienyl-Komplexe [(C5H5)3Ni2]+ reagieren mit L- rasch zu NiL2 (9b, 10b) bzw. FeL2 (9f, 10f). Im Gegensatz dazu führt die Umsetzung von L- mit [{C5(CH3)5RhCl2}2] und [{Aromat)RuCl2}2] zu kationischen zweikernigen Sandwich-Komplexen des Typs [(Ring)M{P(O)R2}3M′(Ring′)]+, Ring = C5H5, C5(CH3)5, M = Co, Rh, R = OCH3, OC2H5, M′ = Rh, Ru, Ring′ = C5(CH3)5, C6H6, p-Cymol (z. B. 12, 13). L- = [C5H5Co{P(O)(OC2H5)2}3]- ergibt mit (PPh3)2CuNO3 den Kupfer(I)-Komplex LCuPPh3 (14). Die Elektronenspektren der 3d-Übergangsmetallkomplexe ML2 zeigen, daß die ligandfeldspektroskopischen Eigenschaften von L- = [C5R5M{P(O)R′2}3]-, R = H, CH3, M = Co, Rh, R′ = OCH3, OC2H5, praktisch unabhängig von R, M und R′ sind. Es sind alles schwache und unerwartet harte Liganden. Sie stehen in der nephelauxetischen Reihe bei DMSO und Wasser. Ihre Ligandfeldstärke entspricht etwa der des Fluorid-Ions.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines,421). - The Regioselectivity of the Ring Opening of Activated 2,2-Dimethyhlaziridines by Carbanions of the Dicarbonyl Type. Influence of the Size of the NucleophileThe aziridine ring of the 1-acyl-2,2-dimethylaziridines 1a-c is cleaved abnormally (between N and CMe2) by the substituted ethyl cyanoacetates 3M,P (M=methyl, P=phenyl) in ethanolic ethoxide solution, while the ring is not cleaved by diethyl malonate (2H). Under the same conditions, 2,2-dimethyl-1-tosylaziridine (1d) is opened by malononitrile (4H), ethyl cyanoacetate (3H) 3M, and 2H in a predominant of exclusive normal manner (between N and CH2) with the relative portion of abnormal opening decreasing in the sequence 4H〉3H〉3M〉2H. The latter finding is rationalized by an influence of the size of the nucleophile (the respective carbanion) on an SN2 attack at the (“widened”) tert. C atom of 1d. A dominating abnormal opening of 1d (0% “normal products” from a 44% material balance of products) was observed with the largest anion (of 3P) of the series, pointing to a change in mechanism, presumable to SET. 1-Acyl-2-phenylaziridine 21 was opened at the benzylic C by the anion of 3P yielding the stereochemically uniform product 22.
    Notes: Die 1-Acyl-2,2-dimethylaziridine 1a-c werden durch die substituierten Ethyl-cyanacetate 3M,P (M=Methyl, P=Phenyl) in Ethanolat-Lösung anomal (zwischen N und CMe2) geöffnet, während Diethylmalonat (2H) den Aziridinring nicht öffnet. Unter gleichen Bedingungen wird 2,2-Dimethyl-1-tosylaziridin (1d) durch Malononitril (4H), Ethyl-cyanacetat (3H), durch 3M und 2H überwiegend bis ausschließlich normal geöffnet. Dabei nimmt der relative Anteil der anomalen Öffnung in der Reihenfolge 4H〉3H〉3M〉2H ab, was mit dem Einfluß der Größe des Nucleophils (jeweiliges Carbanion) auf einen SN2-Angriff am (“aufgeweiteten”) tert. C-Atom von 1d erklärt wird. Die mit dem größten Anion (von 3P) der Reihe beobachtete Dominanz der anomalen Öffnung von 1d (0% “normale Produkte” bei einer Bilanz von 44%) deutet auf einen Wechsel im Reaktionsmechanismus hin, vermutlich zu SET. 1-Acyl-2-phenylaziridin 21 wurde durch das Anion von 3P am Benzyl-C zum stereochemisch einheitlichen Produkt 22 geöffnet.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The apparent activation energy of N-α-benzoyl-L-arginine-ethyl ester (BAEE) hydrolysis by immobilized trypsin varies with the bulk substrate concentration from its maximum value, comparable to that of the free enzyme, to considerably lower values. Thus, with a concentration change from 3 × 10-2 to 10-4 M the apparent activation energy diminishes from 9.5 to 4.5 kcal/mol. This experimental finding is interpreted to be due to Michaelis-type kinetics in a heterogeneous system, in one case reflecting the temperature dependence of the maximal enzyme reaction rate, in another case illustrating the diffusion limited overall reaction at low substrate concentrations. As a consequence it may not be feasible to operate a reaction at elevated temperatures in a high conversion range, since diffusion limitation may restrict the enhancement of the overall reaction rate. Some further data are given concerning the buffer effect on the reaction rate, which should occur due to its limitation by proton transfer in the buffer-free system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 819-829 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa has been grown in mass quantities on 94 at. % 13CO2. The algal cells have been labeled to the 90 at. % 13C level. Neither inhibition nor a requirement for adaptation was encountered; changes in morphology were not evident. A statistically significant increase in mass of cells produced in the presence of 13CO2 was observed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1851-1869 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on the experimental investigations with H. polymorpha and Methylomonas M 15 in bench-scale airlift tower-loop reactors, a general distributed parameter model was developed and used to simulate to cultivation process in a 40-m-high production reactor. This general model was simplified with regard to the gas phase and loop balances and was employed to optimize cell productivity and/or profit in a 20-m-high pilot-plant airlift tower-loop reactor. Maximum cell productivity always occurs in the oxygen-transfer-limited growth range. In case of a high “penalty factor” for nonconsumed substrate, maximum profit is attained at the boundary between substrate and oxygen-transfer-limited growth. Oxygen-transfer limitation exists in the lower half of the tower, whereas in the upper half, substrate limitation prevails. The longitudinal dissolved oxygen concentration passes a minimum in this case as has been determined experimentally in the bench-scale column. The simulation results agree fairly well with the data measured in the pilot plant.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 817-835 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A distributed parameter model for simulation of SCP-production processes in tower reactors with an outer loop was developed by considering substrate, cell, and CO2 balances in the liquid phase, and O2 and CO3 balances in the ges phase and taking into account variations of dissolved oxygen concentration, pressure, and kLa along the column, as well as double substrate Monod kinetics. This model was used to describe the cultivation of Hansenula polymorpha in a tower-loop reactor (height 275 cm, diameter 15 cm). Parameter identification and process simulation were carried out by a hybrid computer. The variation of identified mass transfer parameters with fermentation time and operation mode is considered employing ethanol and glucose substrate, respectively. Relationships among kLa, substrate concentration, and superficial gas velocity were developed to facilitate the layout and simulation of pilot-plant reactors.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 856-864 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: dextransucrase ; leucrose formation ; kinetic model ; acceptor site ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Leucrose formation from sucrose and fructose by dextransucrase is of practical interest. It has been investigated at different experimental conditions, including the influence of temperature on reaction rate and selectivity. Under appropriate conditions high product yield can be obtained. Furthermore, a model is presented that allows interpretation of the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1201-1220 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glucose oxidation by immobilized glucose oxidase (GlO) and catalase (Cat) has been investigated in batch and continuous reactions for operational studies. The macrokinetics of the process depend on coupled reaction steps and diffusion rates. The problem may be approximated by a simple pseudohomogeneous model taking into account both substrates of glucose oxidase and the intermediate reaction product H2O2. The effectiveness of both enzymes is enhanced in the coupled reaction path, the overall effectiveness nevertheless is very low. H2O2 causes the inactivation of both GlO and Cat. The rates of deactivation depend on the oxidation rates of glucose that give different quasistationary levels of H2O2 concentration. As a first approximation, the deactivation rates may be described by first-order reactions with respect to H2O2.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...