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  • Radiography  (2)
  • Breast  (1)
  • Key words: Breast  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Flächendosisprodukt ; Dosimetrie ; Durchleuchtung ; Radiographie ; Miktionszysturethrographie ; Key words Dose-area product ; Dosimetry ; Fluoroscopy ; Radiography ; Voiding cystourethrography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Objective: Determination of the proportion of the dose-area product caused by fluoroscopy at voiding cystourethrography in children, using digital image intensifier technology. Patients and methods: Using computer-assisted dosimetry, we determined the dose-area product and the respective proportions of the dose-area product caused by fluoroscopy and radiography as well as the number of radiographs taken at a given examination of 40 children (8 children less than 2 years old, 15 children between 2 and 6 years old and 17 children between 6 and 15 years old). Results: The computer software program correctly differentiated between fluoroscopy and radiography in 80 % of cases. Incorrect results were primarily observed in newborns and young children. The total radiation dose ranged in relation to patient age from 22 to 651 cGy × cm2. Fluoroscopy was responsible for an average 78 % of the applied radiation dose. Conclusion: Computer-assisted dosimetry is useful in determining the proportion of the dose-area product caused by fluoroscopy in older children undergoing voiding cystourethrography. When image intensifier technology is used, this accounts for more than 75 % of the total radiation dose. The method is not suitable for use in small children.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Ziel: Bestimmung des Anteils der Durchleuchtung am Gesamtflächendosisprodukt beim Kindermiktionszysturethrogramm in digitaler Bildverstärkertechnik. Material und Methode: Bei 40 Kindern (8 Kinder 〈 2 Jahre, 15 Kinder zwischen 2 und 6 Jahren und 17 Kinder zwischen 6 und 15 Jahren) wurden PC-gestützt die Anzahl der Zielaufnahmen, deren Anteil am Gesamtflächendosisprodukt sowie der durchleuchtungsbedingte Anteil am Gesamtflächendosisprodukt ermittelt. Ergebnisse: In 80 % der Fälle ermöglichte der Einsatz des Computerprogramms eine korrekte Differenzierung zwischen Fluoroskopie und Radiographie. Falsche Ergebnisse fanden sich hauptsächlich bei Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern. Die Gesamtstrahlenbelastung variierte abhängig vom Patientenalter zwischen 22 und 651 cGy × cm2, durchschnittlich betrug der Anteil der Durchleuchtung 78 %. Schlußfolgerung: PC-gestützt ist es möglich den Anteil der Durchleuchtung am Gesamtflächendosisprodukt bei älteren Kindern, die sich einem Miktionszysturethrogramm unterziehen, zu ermitteln. Dieser beträgt bei Verwendung der digitalen Bildverstärkertechnik mehr als 75 %. Bei Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern versagt die Methode.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Papilloma ; Breast ; MRM ; Galactography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of this study was evaluation of MRI alone and in combination with mammography and galactography in the diagnosis of intraductal papillomas. From 1994 to 1998, a total of 48 women presenting with pathologic mammary secretion underwent galactography and magnetic resonance mammography (MRM). Thirty-five patients aged 16–71 years (average age 46 years) subsequently underwent surgery or diagnostic puncture and the histologic findings were compared with the results of the radiologic examination. Histology revealed papillomas in 16 cases. In 6 of these patients, there was associated malignant degeneration. Malignancy without associated papilloma was observed in 3 cases. Galactography displayed a sensitivity of 94 % and a specificity of 79 % with five false-positive findings and one false-negative finding in the recognition of intraductal papillomas. Malignant processes were detected by mammography/galactography in only one instance. Magnetic resonance mammography visualized pathologic contrast medium uptake in 8 of 9 cases of malignant disease (sensitivity 89 %). One patient with in situ ductal carcinoma escaped detection with MRM. Papillomas showed no or below-the-threshold-lying contrast uptakes with no specific sign suggestive of papilloma. Galactography in combination with mammography remains the primary diagnostic procedure in cases of pathologic mammary secretion or suspected papilloma. The addition of MRI permits exclusion of malignant disease with a high degree of certainty; thus, expectant management in individual cases with negative findings appears justified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Breast ; Parenchymal pattern ; MR imaging ; Contrast enhancement ; MR mammography ; Menstruation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Magnetic resonance mammography (MRM) provides data regarding the nature of tumours based on contrast medium dynamics; fibrocystic changes in the breast, however, may lead to false-positive results. This study investigated whether the contrast medium dynamics of fibrocystic changes are dependent on the menstrual cycle. Twenty-four patients with palpable lumps but normal mammographies and ultrasound studies were examined. The MRM technique was performed during the first and second part of the menstrual cycle using a FLASH 3D sequence, both native and at 1, 2, 3 and 8 min after intravenous application of 0.15 mmol/kg body weight of gadodiamide. The calculated time–intensity curves were evaluated based on the following criteria: early percentage of contrast medium uptake in relation to the native value; formation of a plateau phenomenon after the second minute; the point of maximal contrast medium uptake; and calculation of the contrast enhancing index. During the second half of the menstrual cycle, a generally greater contrast medium uptake was observed. Nevertheless, when further diagnostic criteria, such as continuous contrast medium increase as a function of time, were considered, there was no increased rate of false-positive findings. The phase of the menstrual cycle may affect the specificity of the examination, if only the quantitative contrast medium uptake and the percentage of contrast medium uptake in the first 2 min are considered. A control MRM during the other half of the cycle may then be indicated and additional diagnostic criteria may improve specificity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ; ACL ; Isometry ; MRI ; Radiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Objective. Correct placement of tunnels for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is of prime importance for the clinical outcome of the patient. In this study, the possibility of using MRI to document tunnel placement and provide a more comprehensive report following ACL reconstruction was explored at no additional cost in patients scheduled for routine knee MRI. Design and patients. One year after ACL reconstruction, 45 patients underwent clinical examination (IKCD score), radiographic examination, and MRI using a 1.5-T unit. Results. Twenty patients with good tibial and femoral attachment results were found at clinical examination to have a stable knee joint with a full range of motion. In 25 patients with suboptimal placements, examination showed either a stable knee with a decreased range of motion or instability with a normal range of motion. Conclusion. Patients’ clinical outcome, and the radiographic and MRI findings, correlated closely with the quality of operative tunnel placement. A record of this finding is important for completeness of the radiological report. Furthermore the MRI findings can be used to improve the surgical quality of tunnel placement. Because tunnel placement can be shown adequately with radiography, however, MRI cannot be justified for this reason alone, so such assessment is advised only when MRI is needed to show all postoperative features.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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