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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 15 (1993), S. 151-154 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Double superior vena cava ; Azygos vein ; Human variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Il a été observé un cas de double veine cave supérieure avec absence de la veine brachio-céphalique gauche. La veine cave supérieure gauche continuait la veine hémiazygos accessoire sans anastomose avec le sinus coronaire. Toutefois, le sang de la veine cave supérieure gauche se drainait dans la veine cave supérieure droite par une anastomose transverse entre les azygos droite et gauche. On pense que, 1) la veine inter-précardinale ne s'est pas formée, et 2) la veine précardinale gauche ne se continue pas dans la veine cardinale commune mais plutôt se draine dans l'azygos gauche. Ce cas doit reprśenter l'un des dispositifs les plus primitifs du système cave supérieur.
    Notes: Summary A case of double superior vena cava lacking the left brachiocephalic vein was found. The left superior vena cava directly continued to the accessory hemiazygos vein without anastomosis with the coronary sinus. Therefore, the blood from the left superior vena cava drained into the right superior vena cava via the transverse anastomosis between the left and right azygos lines. It was thought that embryologically 1) the inter-precardinal vein was not formed, and 2) the left precardinal vein did not continue to the common cardinal vein, rather it drained into the left azygos line. This case may represent one of the most basic arrangements of the superior caval system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 426-430 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Proto-oncogene ; C-raf-1 ; Growth plate ; Chondrocyte ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Proto-oncogene c-raf-1, the cellular homologue of the acutely transforming oncogene v-raf, has a central role in the signal tranduction pathways. The growth plate, due to its non-overlapping zones of chondrocyte maturation, provides a physiological in situ model for investigating the role of c-raf-1 in proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. In this study, Northern blotting was first performed to examine the expression of mRNA for c-raf-1 in the embryonic chick tibial growth plate. It revealed that the normal levels of c-raf-1 mRNA were associated with the whole growth plate. We then investigated the localization of c-raf-1 mRNA and c-raf-1 protein in the growth plate by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in order to determine whether c-raf-1 is involved in chondrocyte maturation. Our results showed that c-raf-1 mRNA and c-raf-1 protein were detected only in the hypertrophic zone. The data suggest involvement of this proto-oncogene in chondrocyte differentiation and/or hypertrophy rather than in proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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