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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The proto-oncogene C-raf-1 is highly expressed only in the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 426-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Proto-oncogene ; C-raf-1 ; Growth plate ; Chondrocyte ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Proto-oncogene c-raf-1, the cellular homologue of the acutely transforming oncogene v-raf, has a central role in the signal tranduction pathways. The growth plate, due to its non-overlapping zones of chondrocyte maturation, provides a physiological in situ model for investigating the role of c-raf-1 in proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. In this study, Northern blotting was first performed to examine the expression of mRNA for c-raf-1 in the embryonic chick tibial growth plate. It revealed that the normal levels of c-raf-1 mRNA were associated with the whole growth plate. We then investigated the localization of c-raf-1 mRNA and c-raf-1 protein in the growth plate by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in order to determine whether c-raf-1 is involved in chondrocyte maturation. Our results showed that c-raf-1 mRNA and c-raf-1 protein were detected only in the hypertrophic zone. The data suggest involvement of this proto-oncogene in chondrocyte differentiation and/or hypertrophy rather than in proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305531
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression Patterns of Raf-1 Suggest Multiple Roles in Tooth Development (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 58 (1996), S. 60-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Oncoprotein — Raf-1 — Tooth germ — Odontoblast — Differentiation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Raf-1, the product of proto-oncogene c-raf-1, has key roles in the signal transduction pathways within the cell. The molecular mechanisms of tooth development in the mouse embryo are not known in detail. We examined the expression of Raf-1 during subsequent tooth development by immunohistochemical analysis. In mouse embryos at days 12.5 post-coitum (p.c.), Raf-1 was expressed in the dental invaginating epithelium. At p.c. 13.5 (bud stage), Raf-1 was also expressed in the epithelial cells of the enamel organ, but not in the mesenchyme of the dental papilla. We added anti- proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody as a marker for proliferating cells at early stages of tooth development. At p.c. 12.5 and p.c. 13.5, the staining patterns were very similar to that for Raf-1. At p.c. 15.5 (cap stage), Raf-1 could not be detected. At p.c. 17.5 (bell stage), Raf-1 was expressed in both the odontoblastic and subodontoblastic cells of the dental papilla. However, Raf-1 was not found in the epithelial cells of the enamel organ. We also added anti-type I collagen antibody as a marker for odontoblasts differentiation. The staining pattern for type I collagen antibody as a marker for odontoblasts differentiation. The staining patten for type I collagen in odontoblasts was almost the same as for Raf-1. The results suggest that Raf-1 may play some roles in both cell proliferation and differentiation at different stages of tooth germ development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900011
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequenzverteilung der Komponenten und Stereoregularität in Methylmethacrylat/Methylacrylat-Copolymeren auf Grund der NMR-Spektroskopie (1977)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 718-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01550168
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of deposits on high water content contact lenses (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Deposits on soft contact lenses of high water content were investigated morphologically and chemically and compared with those on conventional soft contact lenses of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The material of the lenses examined in this investigation was the crosslinked copolymer of methyl methacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone with a water content higher than 70%. Morphologically, the deposits on the lenses with high water content were found to have no characteristics distinguishable from those on conventional lenses. By the electron microscopic observation of the cross section of a lens that had become opaque, it was confirmed that the deposit was on the lens surface and that no deposit was within the lens. Some spots on the lenses were recognized as colonies of microorganisms, but the majority of the spots had no involvement by microorganisms. Surface analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) confirmed that the main component of the filmy deposit was protein. Protein was detected in most of the deposits. The amino acid compositions of the proteins were found to be close to that of lysozyme. From the elemental analysis of several spots, silicon, aluminum, iron, and some other elements were detected. The structural analysis of some spots by a laser Raman microprobe (MOLE) revealed the existence of lipids. In several cases, the deposits were found to have grown around a defect of the lens surface. A mechanism for the formation of deposits is suggested.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820170205
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of the soft contact lens of poly(methyl methacrylate-N-vinylpyrrolidone) (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 14 (1980), S. 557-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The mechanical properties of the hydrogel membrane of poly(methyl methacrylate-N-vinylpyrrolidone) were studied for the purpose of making soft contact lenses for extended wear. The dependence of tensile fracture energy, flexibility, and recovery from deformation on the water content and thickness of the hydrogel membrane was studied. Reducing the thickness of a lens was found to exert a more advantageous effect than increasing its water content on maximizing the tensile fracture energy under the condition of an adequate supply of oxygen to the cornea through the contact lens. As long as its water content is controlled between 63 and 78%, the contact lens made of poly(methyl methacrylate-N-vinylpyrrolidone) has the flexibility on the same order as that of conventional soft contact lenses of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The rate of recovery from deformation increases with water content, and the residual elongation is negligible in the range of water content over about 70%. It is concluded that practical requirements for use of these contact lenses, determined by these three mechanical properties, can be satisfied at the same time if the water content of the contact lens is adjusted at about 70%.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820140503
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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