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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of including anti-Ig sera in the haemagglutination inhibition test forMycoplasma gallisepticum (1992)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 16 (1992), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: anti-immunoglobulin ; chicken ; enhancement ; haemagglutination inhibition ; Mycoplasma gallisepticum ; serology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Addition of anti-immunoglobulin M (anti-IgM), G (anti-IgG) and A (anti-IgA) sera to the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test (anti-Ig HI test) forMycoplasma gallisepticum resulted in 2- to 8-fold increases in the HI titres. On investigating the anti-Ig HI reaction using IgM and IgG antibodies separated by affinity chromatography, it was confirmed that, in the enhanced HI titres, specificity existed between the chicken Ig classes having antibody activity and the antisera used in the test. Four days after inoculation ofM. gallisepticum, the anti-Ig HI reaction was markedly enhanced by anti-IgM antiserum in the intravenously inoculated chickens and by anti-IgA serum in the nasally inoculated chickens. Ten days after inoculation ofM. gallisepticum marked enhancement of the reaction was produced by anti-IgG serum in both intravenously and nasally inoculated chickens, but the enhancement of the anti-Ig HI reaction diminished from the second week after inoculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839154
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum C-reactive protein and immune responses in dogs inoculated withBordetella bronchiseptica (phase I cells) (1994)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 18 (1994), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: antibody ; Bordetella bronchiseptica ; bronchopneumonia ; C-reactive protein ; dogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight Beagle dogs were inoculated intrabronchially with 5×109 live, avirulent cells ofBordetella bronchiseptica L-414 strain (phase I cells) (B. bronchiseptica) to investigate the serum levels of their C-reactive protein, the white blood cell counts, the antibody responses toB. bronchiseptica in the sera and tracheal secretions, and the effects of prednisolone given to four of the dogs on C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC) and immune responses. In two Beagle dogs inoculated intrabronchially with sterile physiological saline, the concentrations of CRP and the WBC counts did not increase. CRP was markedly increased one day after inoculation in the dogs inoculated withB. bronchiseptica to 385.0–720.0 µg/ml (mean 498±132 µg/ml) in the group given theB. bronchiseptica inoculation only, and to 372.0–649.0 µg/ml (mean 551±106 µg/ml) in the group treated with prednisolone following inoculation ofB. bronchiseptica, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CRP levels were 23–95 times the pre-inoculation values, which indicated that prednisolone had no effect on the production of CRP. In the prednisolone-treated group, the WBC count increased and stayed at an increased level for approximately 12 days. An indirect fluorescent antibody test led to the detection of anti-B. bronchiseptica IgM and IgG antibodies in the sera from 5 days afterB. bronchiseptica inoculation and S-IgA and IgG anti-B. bronchiseptica antibodies in the tracheal secretions on the day after the challenge exposure toB. bronchiseptica. The increase in CRP after challenge exposure toB. bronchiseptica was significantly (p〈0.05) smaller than that found after the first inoculation ofB. bronchiseptica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839285
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological levels of C-reactive protein in normal canine sera (1998)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 22 (1998), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: C-reactive protein ; circadian rhythm ; dog ; ELISA ; physiological variation ; serum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate whether the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum of dogs undergoes physiological variation, using 10 normal Beagle dogs (5 males and 5 females), 1–2 years old, maintained in a healthy condition in a controlled environment. The CRP concentration in the sera collected seven times each day at intervals of approximately 3 h ranged from 0.8 to 16.4 µg/ml (mean 5.06±3.60) in one experiment and from 0.8 to 14.0 µg/ml (mean 4.50±2.80) in a second experiment. On examining the 24-h variations in the concentration of CRP in serum, neither consistent changes nor a definite pattern of circadian rhythm was detected. During 28 days observation, only very slight changes, which seemed attributable to analytical errors, were seen in any of the dogs, except one. The concentration of CRP in the serum during the 28 days ranged from 0.8 to 22.6 µg/ml (mean 3.65±1.40). The concentrations underwent no significant variations in individual dogs, but significant differences were found between the dogs (p〈0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006071211779
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in serum C-reactive protein levels in dogs with various disorders and surgical traumas (1993)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 17 (1993), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: acute phase proteins ; dogs ; C-reactive protein ; enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay ; inflammation ; serum ; surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) produced as an inflammatory response in dogs with various disorders and surgical traumas were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and slide reversed passive latex agglutination test (RPLA). The CRP levels were greatly increased 1–2 days after surgery in most of the dogs (n=29) subjected to surgery. These levels had markedly decreased by the time the sutures were removed. In dogs with various disorders (n=58), the serum CRP levels at first diagnosis were high in infectious diseases. In dogs from which paired serum samples were examined, the serum CRP usually showed a decrease with improvement in the condition (n=11) or a terminal increase (n=4) but, conversely, some showed an increase with improvement in the condition (n=3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839236
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canine C-reactive protein (CRP) does not share common antigenicity with human CRP (1993)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 17 (1993), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: antigen ; C-reactive protein ; dog ; epitopes ; immunoelectrophoresis ; human ; serology ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Differences in antigenicity between human and canine C-reactive proteins were investigated by Western blotting analysis. It was confirmed that several commercial anti-human CRP sera reacted with canine CRP. However, 34 anti-canine CRP sera prepared by immunization of rabbits and goats with canine CRP all reacted with canine CRP but not with human CRP in either immunoelectrophoresis or Western blotting. Immunization with human CRP produced a cross-reacting antibody that reacted with canine CRP. Conversely, immunization with canine CRP did not produce a cross-reacting antibody that reacted with human CRP. These findings may be interpreted as showing that, while canine and human CRPs do not share common antigenicity, they do contain structurally similar antigenic determinants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839216
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative capillary reversed passive latex agglutination test for C-reactive protein (CRP) in the dog (1996)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 20 (1996), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: agglutination ; capillary RPLA ; C-reactive protein ; ELISA ; latex ; single radial immunodiffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A capillary reversed passive latex agglutination test (capillary RPLA) was developed which allows quantification of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) within approximately 15 min. The logarithmic regression line (calibration curve) obtained after measuring each CRP concentration three times in twofold dilutions of a standard canine serum containing 222 μg/ml of CRP was y=6.394+0.030x (r=0.995). Capillary RPLA permitted quantification of CRP in the range 6.9–222 μg/ml. The coefficients of variation ranged from 10.28% to 12.40%. The recovery rates (percentage recovery) of CRP by capillary RPLA were within the range 87% to 106%. On measuring the CRP concentrations in sera from 78 dogs by capillary RPLA, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), close correlations were demonstrated between SRID and capillary RPLA (y=7.250+1.109x, r=0.978), between SRID and ELISA (y=3.042+1.059x, r=0.967), and between capillary RPLA and ELISA (y=1.778+0.929x, r=0.962). Capillary RPLA may be considered useful as a routine biochemical technique for measurement of serum CRP concentration in the dog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346573
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Detection of Canine Haemoglobin (Occult Blood) in Canine Faeces by Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination (1997)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 21 (1997), S. 347-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: diagnosis ; dog ; faeces ; latex agglutination ; occult blood ; serology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A reversed passive latex agglutination test (RPLA) using anti-canine haemoglobin (Hb) antibody was developed for detecting bleeding in the lower digestive organs in dogs, and its applicability as a simple test for faecal occult blood was assessed. In Ouchterlony's gel immunodiffusion test, the anti-canine Hb antibody used to sensitize the latex reacted with canine Hb but not with Hbs, plasmas or meat extracts from pigs, goats, sheep, cattle, horses or chickens, or with fish extracts. Using latex sensitized with 50 µg/mg of anti-canine Hb IgG antibody, the lowest limit of detection for canine Hb was 21 µg/ml, and the latex reacted negatively with all test specimens other than canine Hb. In an in vitro experiment with a mixture of canine faeces and erythrocytes, the antigenicity of the Hb was found to undergo only very slight changes even when the specimens were allowed to stand for 12 h at room temperature. Hb could not be detected by RPLA in any of four successive faecal samples from three experimental dogs after infusion of autologous blood (5, 3 or 1 ml) into the stomach. In 3 other experimental dogs given an infusion of autologous blood (5, 3 or 1 ml) into the ascending colon, the presence of Hb was confirmed by RPLA in all four successive faecal samples obtained from those which received 5 or 3 ml of blood and in all except that obtained following the first defecation from the animal which had received 1 ml of blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005812304532
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological determination of faecal haemoglobin concentrations in dogs (1998)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 22 (1998), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: diagnosis ; dog ; ELISA ; faeces ; latex agglutination ; occult blood ; serology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Faecal haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in apparently healthy experimental Beagle dogs and in dogs of various breeds kept in private households or at breeders were measured by reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an effort to define the physiological concentrations of faecal Hb in the dog. In 88% (53) of 60 experimental Beagle dogs (30 males and 30 females), the RPLA titres were 1:2 and 1:8 and the faecal Hb concentrations ranged from 40.0 to 431.5 (mean 184.1±92.6) μg/g faeces by ELISA. No significant difference was found in Hb levels or RPLA titres between males and females. Seven dogs (12%) had significantly greater RPLA titres and Hb concentrations by ELISA than the remaining dogs. In 84% (45) of the 53 dogs kept in private households or at breeders, the RPLA titres were 〉1:1 to 1:8 and the faecal Hb concentrations ranged from 7.1 to 456.7 (mean 137.5±128.7) μg/g faeces in ELISA. Eight of these dogs (15.1% of 53 dogs) had significantly greater RPLA titres and Hb concentrations by ELISA than the remaining dogs. There were no significant differences between the Beagles and dogs kept in private households or at breeders. In conclusion, in 98 (86.7% of 113) dogs the physiological concentrations of RPLA titres were 〉1:1 to 1:8 and the faecal Hb concentrations were 143.5–185.1 μg/g (95% confidence level). Approximately 13.3% of apparently healthy dogs had higher faecal Hb concentrations, suggesting the presence of subclinical haemorrhages. Four dogs suffering from colorectal cancer also had high faecal Hb concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006025422317
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrations of C-reactive Protein in Normal Monkeys (Macaca irus) and in Monkeys Inoculated with Bordetella bronchiseptica R-5 and Measles Virus (1999)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 23 (1999), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: acute-phase protein ; Bordetella bronchiseptica ; C-reactive protein ; diagnostics ; measles virus ; monkey ; turbidimetric immunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum from normal crab-eating monkeys (Macaca irus) were measured by means of a monkey-specific turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA), and the changes in the serum CRP concentrations in crab-eating monkeys inoculated with Bordetella bronchiseptica R-5 and measles virus (Ichinose or NK 3 strain) were also examined. The CRP concentrations in sera from 54 normal crab-eating monkeys ranged from 0 to 8.3 μg/ml (mean 2.2±1.9). No significant difference was found in the CRP concentrations between males and females (p〉0.05). The concentrations of CRP in the sera from four crab-eating monkeys inoculated intrabronchially with 109 live B. bronchiseptica increased gradually to a peak at 2 days after inoculation. The peak concentrations of CRP were from 102.4 to 313.2 μg/ml, 54–96 times the preinoculative values of 1.9–5.6 μg/ml. When the same four crab-eating monkeys were inoculated intrabronchially with measles virus 34 days after inoculation of B. bronchiseptica, the serum CRP concentrations did not increase. Monitoring of CRP is useful for assessing monkeys with acute B. bronchiseptica infection and will probably be of value in the diagnosis of other bacterial infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006388602364
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