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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial N ; Immobilization ; Remobilization ; NH inf4 sup+ fixation ; Exchangeable NH inf4 sup+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, field experiments on loess (with winter wheat) and sandy soils (with summer barley) were conducted to study N dynamics in the microbial biomass and non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ . The measurements showed a mass change in microbial N, with a maximum increase of 100 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 from March to July in the loess soil, and a change for only 1 month (May) in the sandy soil. Plots treated with conventional levels of N fertilizer (213 kg N ha-1 on a loess soil to winter wheat and 130 kg ha-1 on the sandy soil to summer barley), reduced levels of N (83% and 62% of the conventional N application), or no N showed no consistent fertilizer N effect on microbial biomass N. From March to July, non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ in loess soils under winter wheat decreased by 110 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 in conventionally fertilized plots and by 200 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 in a plot with no N fertilizer. After harvest, the pool of non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ increased due to increasing mineral N concentrations in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial N ; Immobilization ; Remobilization ; NH4+ fixation ; Exchangeable NH4+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, field experiments on loess (with winter wheat) and sandy soils (with summer barley) were conducted to study N dynamics in the microbial biomass and non-exchangeable NH4 +. The measurements showed a mass change in microbial N, with a maximum increase of 100 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 from March to July in the loess soil, and a change for only 1 month (May) in the sandy soil. Plots treated with conventional levels of N fertilizer (213 kg N ha–1 on a loess soil to winter wheat and 130 kg ha–1 on the sandy soil to summer barley), reduced levels of N (83% and 62% of the conventional N application), or no N showed no consistent fertilizer N effect on microbial biomass N. From March to July, non-exchangeable NH4 + in loess soils under winter wheat decreased by 110 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 in conventionally fertilized plots and by 200 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 in a plot with no N fertilizer. After harvest, the pool of non-exchangeable NH4 + increased due to increasing mineral N concentrations in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Gas laparoscopy ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Endotoxemia ; Sepsis ; Porcine model ; Carbon dioxide ; Helium ; Laparoscopy in critically ill patients ; Hemodynamics ; Acid–base balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background: The expansion of the laparoscopic techniques to the critically ill patient is currently under debate. In order to evaluate the potential risks of performing laparoscopy in a body with signs of sepsis, the effects of the pneumoperitoneum were studied in a porcine model of mild endotoxemia. Methods: Twenty-eight pigs were separated into four groups of seven animals: untreated control (C), 2 µg/kg/h endotoxin (E), endotoxin and a pneumoperitoneum (3 h, 15 mmHg) with CO2 (EC) or with helium (EH). Hemodynamic and homeostatic variables were studied for a period of 5.5 h. Primary endpoints were arterial and mucosal pH and the ATP content of the bowel wall. Statistical evaluation was performed using analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test. Results: Endotoxin infusion induced characteristic symptoms of early sepsis: increase of arterial CO2, pulmonary arterial, portal venous, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and decrease of arterial pressure, cardiac output, arterial and mucosal pH. An additional pneumoperitoneum led to aggravation of all criteria with significant alterations in arterial and mucosal pH, arterial CO2, wedge and portal venous pressure. The most striking derangement of mean values was observed for mucosal pH (EC: 7.40, EH: 7.54) and arterial pH (EC: 7.15, EH: 7.18). In group EC, two animals died in septic shock. Conclusion: Applying a pneumoperitoneum during an ongoing sepsis significantly deteriorates hemodynamic and homeostatic variables, thus enhancing the risk of severe complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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