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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • Carbon dioxide enrichment  (1)
  • Key words Cerebrovascular ischemia  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odontogener Fokus als Ursache zerebraler Ischämien (1998)
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 316-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zerebrovaskuläre Ischämie ; Odontogener Focus ; Total-Dental-Index ; Panoramaschichtindex ; Präventivmedizin ; Key words Cerebrovascular ischemia ; Dental focus ; Total dental index ; Panoramic index ; Preventive medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent studies have shown that acute infections, especially of the respiratory tract, are an important risk factor for cerebral ischemia. Additionally we know that chronic dental infections may be a risk for myocardial infarction and artherosclerosis. However, the connection between stroke and dental infections has hardly been examined so far. Therefore we performed a case-control study using a standardized questionaire and examination. We investigated 66 patients consecutive to a acute cerebral ischemia/stroke and 60 age- and sex-matched nonstroke neurological patients as a control group. Dental status was determined by a so called total dental index (TDI) which reflects primarily caries, periodontitis, periapical lesions, devital and missing teeth as well as by a panoramic index (PI). Specifically, older patients with cerebrovascular ischemia tended to have a significantly worse dental status and had more severe periodontitis and periapical lesions than control subjects. A predefined poor dental status was associated with cerebrovascular ischemia independent from other vascular risk factors and social status. In conclusion, poor dental health, mainly resulting from chronic dental infections, may be associated with an increased risk for cerebrovascular ischemia. The results must now be verified in larger studies. As chronic dental infections are a common and also easily treatable factor, their identification as a risk factor for stroke would be quite important in the field of preventive medicine.
    Notes: Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, daß akute Infektionen, insbesondere der Atemwege, einen wichtigen Risikofaktor für zerebrale Ischämien darstellen. Weiterhin wissen wir, daß chronische odontogene Infektionen ein Risiko für myokardiale Infarkte und Arteriosklerose sein können. Der Zusammenhang zwischen zerebralen Insulten und dentalen Infektionen wurde jedoch bislang kaum untersucht. Daher führten wir eine Fall-Kontroll-Studie unter Anwendung eines standardisierten Erhebungsbogens und Untersuchungsprotokolls durch. Es wurden 66 Patienten mit einer akuten zerebralen Ischämie/Insult sowie 60 weitere alters- und geschlechtsentsprechende neurologische Patienten als Kontrollgruppe untersucht. Der Zahnstatus wurde durch einen sog. Total-Dental-Index (TDI), welcher in erster Linie Karies, Parodontitis, periapikale Läsionen, devitale und fehlende Zähne berücksichtigt, sowie durch einen Panoramaschichtindex (PI) erfaßt. Speziell ältere Patienten mit einer zerebralen Ischämie wiesen tendenziell einen signifikant schlechteren Zahnstatus auf und besaßen deutlich öfter Parodopathien und apikale Läsionen als Kontrollpersonen. Ein vorbestehender schlechter Zahnstatus war verknüpft mit einer zerebrovaskulären Ischämie unabhängig von anderen vaskulären Risikofaktoren und dem sozialen Status. Zusammenfassend gesagt, kann eine schlechte Zahngesundheit, v.a. aus chronischen odontogenen Infektionen resultierend, mit einem erhöhten Risiko für zerebrovaskuläre Ischämien verbunden sein. Die Ergebnisse müssen nun in größeren Folgestudien verifiziert werden. Da chronische dentale Infektionen weit verbreitete und ebenso leicht therapierbare Faktoren darstellen, würde ihre Identifikation als Risikofaktor für einen Insult eine ziemlich wichtige Rolle im Bereich der Präventivmedizin spielen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100060050079
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf quality and insect herbivory in model tropical plant communities after long-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 104 (1995), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide enrichment ; Feeding preference ; Leaf quality ; Mesocosms ; Spodoptera eridania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Results from laboratory feeding experiments have shown that elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide can affect interactions between plants and insect herbivores, primarily through changes in leaf nutritional quality occurring at elevated CO2. Very few data are available on insect herbivory in plant communities where insects can choose among species and positions in the canopy in which to feed. Our objectives were to determine the extent to which CO2-induced changes in plant communities and leaf nutritional quality may affect herbivory at the level of the entire canopy. We introduced equivalent populations of fourth instar Spodoptera eridania, a lepidopteran generalist, to complex model ecosystems containing seven species of moist tropical plants maintained under low mineral nutrient supply. Larvae were allowed to feed freely for 14 days, by which time they had reached the seventh instar. Prior to larval introductions, plant communities had been continuously exposed to either 340 μl CO2 l−1 or to 610 μl CO2 l−1 for 1.5 years. No major shifts in leaf nutritional quality [concentrations of N, total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC), sugar, and starch; ratios of: C/N, TNC/N, sugar/N, starch/N; leaf toughness] were observed between CO2 treatments for any of the species. Furthermore, no correlations were observed between these measures of leaf quality and leaf biomass consumption. Total leaf area and biomass of all plant communities were similar when caterpillars were introduced. However, leaf biomass of some species was slightly greater-and for other species slightly less (e.g. Cecropia peltata)-in communities exposed to elevated CO2. Larvae showed the strongest preference for C. peltata leaves, the plant species that was least abundant in all communites, and fed relatively little on plants species which were more abundant. Thus, our results indicate that leaf tissue quality, as described by these parameters, is not necessarily affected by elevated CO2 under relatively low nutrient conditions. Hence, the potential importance of CO2-induced shifts in leaf nutritional quality, as determinants of herbivory, may be overestimated for many plant communities growing on nutrient-poor sites if estimates are based on traditional laboratory feeding studies. Finally, slight shifts in the abundance of leaf tissue of various species occurring under elevated CO2 will probably not significantly affect herbivory by generalist insects. However, generalist insect herbivores appear to become more dependent on less-preferred plant species in cases where elevated CO2 results in reduced availability of leaves of a favoured plant species, and this greater dependency may eventually affect insect populations adversely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365564
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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