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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization and expression of a cDNA encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from cultured cells of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 807-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Cassava (Manihot esculenta) ; Chemical stress ; Environmental stress ; Oxidative stress ; Superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA, mSOD1, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) was cloned and characterized from cell cultures of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) which produce a high yield of SOD. mSOD1 encodes a 152-amino acid polypeptide with a pI value of 5.84. Southern analysis using an mSOD1-specific probe indicated that a single copy of the mSOD1 gene is present in the cassava genome. The mSOD1 gene is highly expressed in cultured cells, as well as in intact stems and tuberous roots. It is expressed at a low level in leaves and petioles. Transcripts of mSOD1 were not detected in nontuberous roots. Transcriptional level of mSOD1 reaches a high level at stationary phase, and then sharply decreases during further culture. In excised cassava leaves, the mSOD1 gene responded to various stresses in different ways. The stresses tested included changes in temperature and exposure to stress-inducing chemicals. Levels of mSOD1 transcript increased dramatically a few hours after heat stress at 37° C and showed a synergistic effect with wounding stress. Levels decreased in response to chilling stress at 4° C and showed an antagonistic effect with wounding stress. The gene was induced by abscisic acid, ethephon, NaCl, sucrose, and methyl viologen. These results indicate that the mSOD1 gene is involved in the response to oxidative stress induced by environmental change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013819
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of cDNAs for two anionic peroxidases from suspension cultures of sweet potato (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 941-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Peroxidase cDNAs ; Suspension cultures ; Environmental stress ; Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two cDNAs for anionic peroxidase (PODs), swpa2 and swpa3, were isolated from suspension cultures of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and their expression was investigated with a view to understanding the physiological function of PODs in relation to environmental stresses. Swpa2 (whose putative mature protein product would have a pI value of 4.1) and swpa3 (4.3) encode polypeptides of 358 and 349 amino acids, respectively. The genes from which they were derived are predominantly expressed in cultured cells of sweet potato; transcripts of swpa2 were not detected in any tissues of the intact plant, and transcripts of swpa3 were detected at a low level only in the stem tissue. During cell culture, the expression patterns of the two genes differed; the level of swpa2 RNA progressively increased during cell growth, whereas that of swpa3 reached a maximum at the stationary phase and decreased on further culture. The two genes responded differently to stresses such as wounding or chilling of leaves. Swpa2 was strongly induced 48 h after wounding, but swpa3 was not affected by this treatment. The two genes were also highly expressed upon chilling (4° C), but expression was reduced by prior acclimation at 15° C. In addition, both genes were strongly induced immediately after treatment with ozone, and expression had decreased to the basal level 12 h after treatment. The response of these two genes to stresses such as aging, wounding, and chilling are different from those of the POD genes (swpa1 encoding an anionic product and swpn1 a neutral peroxidase) that we described previously. The responses of the two genes were also different from each other. These results suggest that the two new POD genes are involved in overcoming oxidative environmental stress, and each POD gene may be regulated by cell growth and environmental stress in different ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051041
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a glutathione S-transferase gene ATGST 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 700-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsArabidopsis thaliana ; Environmental stress ; Glutathione S-transferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene was cloned in Arabidopsis thaliana. The gene, designated ATGST 1, contained the entire transcription unit in three exons interrupted by two introns. The combined sequence of three exons had an open reading frame which predicted a GST protein of 208 amino acids. Gene transcription has been reported to be induced by pathogen attack and dehydration. In the present study northern blot analysis using a gene-specific DNA probe in the 3′ untranslated region revealed that expression of the gene was also rapidly induced by other environmental stresses such as wounding, low temperature, high salt and DPE herbicide treatment. The promoter region of the gene contained the sequence motif ATTTCAAA that is known to be present in ethylene-responsive elements and other motifs that are highly conserved amongst stress-inducible gene promoters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050468
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drop-size distributions from pneumatic atomizers (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 575-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was made of the atomizing characteristics of convergent-type pneumatic nozzles. Drop-size correlations were obtained for the following ranges: drop size, 6 to 350 μ, mass median diameter; mass flow ratio, 0.06 to 40; relative velocity, 250 ft./sec. to sonic velocity; and viscosity. 1 to 50 cp. The technique employed was to spray cool a molten wax, and melts of wax-polyethylene mixtures. The most important operating variables in pneumatic atomization are the dynamic force of the atomizing gas, and the mass flow ratio of air to liquid. The cumulative volume drop-size distribution of spray from a pneumatic nozzle was fitted by a modified logistic equation. Empirical correlations developed in the study can be used to design nozzles or to predict drop size for sprays produced by the types of nozzles studied. In particular, this study provides new experimental data on the performance of pneumatic atomizers in producing relatively large drops.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion in nickel oxide pellets-effects of sintering and reduction (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 670-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion rates were measured at 25°C and 1 atm by a steady state method in pellets of nonporous nickel oxide particles in order to determine the effects of sintering and chemical reduction. Sintering led to a striking decrease in diffusion flux; tortuosities above 100 were found for highly sintered (porosity 0.03) pellets. Reduction caused a sharp increase in diffusion rate when the original pellet was highly sintered. For an originally unsintered pellet the diffusion rate decreased with extent of reduction.These phenomena were explained quantitatively by using: (1) the random pore model to predict tortuosity factors for an unsintered, unreduced pellet, and (2) the extent of pore interconnections and the fractional reduction to treat the effects of sintering and reduction. In this way an approximate, predictive equation was derived which contained no arbitrary parameters and which required for application only data on porosity and extent of chemical reduction.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200407
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