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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo- and thermoinitiated oxidation of high-impact polystyrene.N.C.L. Communication No. 5688. I. Characterization by FT-IR spectroscopy (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: photooxidation ; thermal-oxidation, high-impact ; polystyrene ; FT-IR spectroscopy ; derivatization reaction ; oxidation profile ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photo- and thermooxidative degradation of different grades of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) has been studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. The oxidized films were treated with NH3 and SF4 for the rapid identification and resolution of the various carbonyl species, alcohols, and hydroperoxides. All the sample gave similar oxidation products, but in varying quantities. The heterogenity in the film was also determined by micro-FT-IR spectroscopy. The thermal degradation processes at different temperature were compared. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320310
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell death in bioreactors: A role for apoptosis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 720-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell death ; apoptosis ; hybridoma cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The incidence of apoptotic and necrotic cell death was compared in CHO, SF9 insect cells and murine plasmacytoma (J558L) and hybridoma (TB/C3) cells during in vitro cultivation in batch cultures. Acridine orange staining and fluorescence microscopy enabled the visualization of a classic morphological feature of apoptotic cell, the presence of condensed and/or fragmented chromatin. DNA gel electrophoresis was employed to show an additional characteristic of the process, the endonuclease-mediated fragmentation of DNA into multiples of 180 base pairs. The levels of apoptosis at the end of batch cultures of plasmacytoma and hybridoma cell lines were found to be 60% and 90% of total dead cells, respectively. However, employing the above-mentioned techniques, the biochemical and morphological features of apoptosis were not found in CHO and SF9 insect cells. Some factors affecting the induction of apoptosis during the batch culture of the hybridoma and plasmacytoma cell lines were identified. The most effective inducer was found to be glutamine limitation, followed by (in order of importance) serum limitation, glucose limitation, and ammonia toxicity. Blockage of the cell cycle of the plasmacytoma and hybridoma cells using thymidine resulted in the induction of apoptosis. This has important implications for the development of cell culture processes that minimize cell division and thereby increase specific productivity. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440608
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on impact modification of polystyrene (PS) by ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber and its graft copolymers. I. PS/EPDM and PS/EPDM-g-styrene blends (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 685-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber is an excellent rubber for outdoor use. High impact polystyrene (PS) containing EPDM rubber may show improved weathering resistance. PS is incompatible with EPDM; hence bulk polymerization technique is adopted for the synthesis of graft products which show limited compatibility with PS. Two initiators were chosen at two different working temperatures to produce high grafting efficiency and grafting percentage. In the present system, it is shown that the graft copolymer and polystyrene compositions show higher improved impact strength behavior than that of the products based upon simple dispersion of EPDM in polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400505
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on impact modification of polystyrene (PS) by ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber and its graft copolymers. III. PS/EPDM-g-(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) blends and its relative performance (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 701-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The graft copolymer of ethylene-propylene-diene (5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) rubber with styrene and maleic anhydride is synthesized, characterized, and blended with polystyrene. The tensile and the impact behaviors of the blends were investigated. The relative performance of EPDM-g-(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) as impact modifier for polystyrene has been evaluated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400507
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinitiated oxidation of heterophasic ethylene-propylene copolymers. I. Comparison of oxidation productsN.C.L. Communication No. 5681. (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 1871-1881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Detailed photoproducts from photoirradiation of heterophasic ethylene-propylene copolymers and their fractions have been compared by infrared spectroscopy combined with chemical derivatization. The oxidized films were treated with gaseous NH3, SF4, and NO for the rapid identification and resolution of the various carbonyl species, alcohols, and hydroperoxides. The photoproduct formation depends upon the composition of the sample. The heterogeneities in thin films were also determined by micro FTIR spectroscopy. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070501103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscibility and interaction studies on some aqueous polymer blend solutions by ultrasonic and rheological techniques (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1559-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)-polyacrylic acid, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(vinyl alcohol) blends have been studied by ultrasonic, rheological, and viscometric techniques. Extensive investigation over a wide range of concentrations, temperatures, compositions, pH, and shear rates indicate the degree of miscibility, extent of interaction between the polymers, and stoichiometry of the polymer complexes formed by the strong interaction between the polymers in solutions. These investigations indicate the miscibility of poly(ethylene oxide)-polyacrylic acid and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blends and the immiscibility of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(vinyl alcohol) blends in conformity with other reported investigations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510905
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on impact modification of polystyrene (PS) by ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber and its graft copolymers. II. PS/EPDM-g-(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) blends (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 693-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The toughness of a polymer blend is one of the major factors deciding its practical application. An impact modified polystyrene (PS) is usually a multiphase system consisting of the thermoplastics and an elastomeric component. The heterogeneous character of such a system and the interfacial adhesion between the components determine its impact strength. The graft copolymer of ethlene-propylene-diene (5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) rubber with styrene and methylmethacrylate is synthesized, characterized, and blended with polystyrene to improve its impact strength. It is observed that there is improvement in impact strength with the subsequent decrease of tensile strength. The improved impact strength has been discussed in terms of morphology, compatibility, and interfacial adhesion of graft copolymers with PS matrix.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400506
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drag-reduction efficiency, shear stability, and biodegradation resistance of carboxymethyl cellulose-based and starch-based graft copolymers (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1091-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymers of carboxymethyl cellulose and starch with polyacrylamide have been synthesized by grafting acrylamide onto carboxymethyl cellulose and starch, respectively, using a ceric-ion-initiated solution polymerization technique. These graft copolymers have been tested for their drag-reduction effectiveness, shear stability, and biodegradability. It has been shown that grafting enhances the drag-reduction effectiveness and shear stability and also that these factors are very much dependent on the length and number of grafts in the molecule. None of the graft copolymer solutions shows any microbial degradation up to 10 days.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430609
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conduction and ultrasound wave propagation in particulate and short fiber composites of PVC. II: PVC-Al coated glass fiber composites (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 14 (1992), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Poly(vinylch1oride) composites containing 2 to 20 wt% of aluminum coated glass fiber (AlCGF) were prepared by the mechanical mixing and hot compression technique. Their electrical conduction and ultrasound wave propagation at frequencies of 2 to 9 MHz were studied. The electrical resistivity of these composites was lowered because of fiber-fiber contact formation, which is evident from optical photomicrographs of the composites. Other morphological investigations, such as X-ray diffraction and DTA, show matrix-filler interaction. The limiting resistivity of PVC/AlCGF composite is 10 ohm-cm at 14 wt% (8.11 vol%) of fiber concentration. Ultrasound wave propagation through these composites having fiber-fiber contacts has shown that both absorption and velocity are high at 9 MHz. Other ultrasound parameters were studied, such as excess absorption, relative velocity, relative modulus variation with composition as well as with propagation constant. No definite correlation exists between electrical conduction due to fiber-fiber contact formation and ultrasound wave propagation.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730140210
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conduction and ultrasound wave propagation in particulate and short fiber composites of PVC. I: PVC-cu/al particulate composites (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 14 (1992), S. 33-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Poly(vinylchloride) compositions containing 0-24 v% of copper and 0-48 v% of aluminium powders were prepared and their d.c. electrical conduction and ultrasound wave propagation at 2, 3, 6, 9 MHz were studied. Segregated network formation by the filler as evident by photomicrograph. DTA and X-ray diffraction, drastically reduces the electrical resistivity in these composites. The limiting resistivity of PVC/Cu composite is 31.62 ohm-cm and that of PVC/Al composites is 1258 ohm-cm. Ultrasound wave propagation through these composites having segregated network of fillers shows that absorption at 9 MHz is more in copper filled PVC than in aluminium filled PVC. Dispersion at 9 MHz is more in aluminium filled composites than in copper filled composites. Other parameters, such as excess absorption, relative velocity, relative modulus were evaluated. No definite correlation exists between electrical conduction due to segregated network formation and ultrasound wave propagation.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730140110
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