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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkins malignant lymphoma ; human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) ; CD40 ; Bgp95 ; T cell ; baboon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Papio hamadryas baboons in the Sukhumi colony develop enzootic outbreaks of malignant lymphomas with an incidence of about 1.5% per year among adults of the high-risk stock. We investigated the surface phenotypes of cells from normal and lymphomatous animals using antibodies against human lymphocyte antigens. We found that more than 80% of the lymphomas that developed during the last 3 years were characterized histologically to be of the peripheral T cell type. Generally, the lymphomatous cells also expressed high levels of MHC class II DR protein, CD18 (LFA-1 beta chain), and CD45RO. Surprisingly, these cells also expressed on their surface two proteins previously characterized as being relatively B cell-restricted: CD40 and Bgp95. These proteins were never found on the peripheral blood T cells from normal animals. The expression of these two gene products was confirmed by RNA blotting and immunoprecipitation. In most cases, the two B cell-associated proteins were expressed on the predominant T cell subsets; we found both B cell proteins on CD4+, CD8+ as well as on the CD4/8 double-positive cells when these subsets were expressed at high levels. About 90% of these animals are seropositive forHerpesvirus papio and human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) before developing outright lymphomas. In all of the lymphoma samples, HTLV-1 tax DNA sequences were detected by PCR amplification. Whether or not HTLV-1 or theHerpesvirus papio gene products influence the surface expression of CD40 and Bgp95 remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 26 (1996), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: lattice models of proteins ; self-consistent field optimization ; self-avoiding ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We present an algorithm to build self-avoiding lattice models of chain molecules with low RMS deviation from their actual 3D structures. To find the optimal coordinates for the lattice chain model, we minimize a function that consists of three terms: (1) the sum of squared deviations of link coordinates on a lattice from their off-lattice values, (2) the sum of “short-range” terms, penalizing violation of chain connectivity, and (3) the sum of “long-range” repulsive terms, penalizing chain self-intersections. We treat this function as a chain molecule “energy” and minimize it using self-consistent field (SCF) theory to represent the pairwise link repulsions as 3D fields acting on the links. The statistical mechanics of chain molecules enables computation of the chain distribution in this field on the lattice. The field is refined by iteration to become self-consistent with the chain distribution, then dynamic programming is used to find the optimal lattice model as the “lowest-energy” chain pathway in this SCF. We have tested the method on one of the coarsest (and most difficult) lattices used for model building on proteins of all structural types and show that the method is adequate for building self-avoiding models of proteins with low RMS deviations from the actual structures. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: bis(p-vinylphenyl) ether ; step-polymerization ; polymer structure ; mechanism ; kinetics ; molecular weight distribution ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A peculiar step-growth (cationic) polymerization of bis(p-vinylphenyl) ether (BVPE) in nonpolar or slightly polar aromatic solvents in the temperature range from 70 to 150°C in the presence of 2.5-5.0 mmol/L of p-toluenesulfonic acid has been studied. Optimum polymerization conditions were found. New linear unsaturated polymers of BVPE with terminal vinyl groups and weight-average molecular weight from 1500 to 10,000 were obtained. The structure and the formation mechanism of these oligomers and polymers were established, and the accompanying side reactions were considered. The rate constants were measured for eight temperatures, and the activation energy was found to be -42 kJ/mol. The optimum polymerization temperature was about 80°C. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 25 (1996), S. 379-388 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein modeling ; lattice approximation error ; adjusting of energy functions ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lattice models of proteins can approximate off-lattice structures to arbitrary precision with RMS (root mean squared) deviations roughly equal to half the lattice spacing (Rykunov et al., Proteins 22:100-109, 1995; Reva et al., J. Comp. Biol., 1996). However, even small distortions in the positions of chain links lead to significant errors in lattice-based energy calculations (Reva et al., J. Comp. Chem., 1996). These errors arise mainly from rigid interactions (such as steric repulsion) which change their energies considerably at a range which is much smaller than the usual accuracy of lattice modeling (〉1.0 Å). To reduce this error, we suggest a procedure of adjusting energy functions to a given lattice. The general approach is illustrated with energy calculations based on pairwise potentials by Kolinski et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 98:1-14, 1993). At all the lattice spacings, from 0.5-3.8 Å, the lattice-adjusted potentials improve the accuracy of lattice-based energy calculations and Increase the correlations between off-lattice and lattice energies. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 22 (1995), S. 100-109 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein structure ; RNA structure ; lattice model ; chain connectivity ; self-avoiding ; dynamic programming ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An algorithm based on dynamic programming gives the lattice models having the minimal RMS deviations from the actual folds of protein (RNA, etc.) chains for a given lattice and a given orientation of the macromolecule relative to the lattice. The algorithm is applicable for 3-D lattices of any kind. The accuracy of the lattice approximation increases when the distance between neighbor chain links is not rigidly fixed. Special repulsive potentials facilitate generation of self-avoiding lattice chains. The results of model building show the efficiency and precisionof this proposed general method when compared with others. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 356-364 
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: heterophase polymers ; cure reaction-induced phase separation ; morphology ; criterion of equilibrium ; toughened epoxies ; epoxy-rubber polymers ; adhesion interaction between phases ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The process of phase separation in the course of the thermoset curing reaction is considered. Clarification of the role of kinetic factors in such processes is the focus of the article, and the need in a kinetic theory for cure reaction-induced phase separation (CRIPS) is substantiated. An adequate nonequilibrium approach proposed previously is given further development. A new CRIPS model with equilibrium boundary conditions is introduced.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2H- 1,2,3-diazaarsole 1 reacts with ethyl diazoacetate to form a 1:1 bicyclic product 3a, 8-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1-arsa-2,3,6,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3.7-diene. The latter isomerizes to a two-coordinate arsenic compound 5, 3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-[α-(phenylhydrazono)ethyl] 1-1,2,4-diazaarsole. The X-ray crystal structure analyses of both products 3a and 5 have been carried out.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2661-2667 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recent experiments indicate that the number of hydrogen bonds in solutions increases in the critical region of the solvent. This effect can be explained by the density fluctuations near the critical point. A theory of this unusual effect is developed. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental data on hydrogen bonding between perfluoro-tert-butanol and dimethyl ether in supercritical sulfur hexafluoride. The theory requires no adjustable parameters and is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Possible applications of this effect for hydrogen-bonding solutions and polymer mixtures are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Metallations ; Copper ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Cyclizations ; Regioselectivity ; Azatrienes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A fundamentally new approach for the construction of pyrrole rings is exemplified by highly efficient one-pot syntheses of 1,2,3,5-tetrasubstituted pyrroles starting from alkyl isothiocyanates and 2-alkynylamines or 2-alkynyl ethers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Isothiocyanates ; Acetylenes ; Allenes ; Cyclization ; Thiophenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of 2-N-alkylamino- or 2-N-phenylamino-, 2-N, N-dialkylamino-, and 2-N-alkyl-N-phenylaminothiophenes have been prepared in good yields by adding a solution of tert-butylalcohol and potassium tert-butoxide in dimethylsulfoxide to a solution of the adduct from a lithiated 1-alkyne, RCH2C≡CLi, or the lithiated allene, tBuCH=C=CHLi, and isothiocyanate, R′N=C=S, in tetrahydrofuran and subsequently hydrolyzing the reaction mixture or quenching it with methyl iodide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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