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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Methyl-digoxin (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 279 (1973), S. 211-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cardiac Glycosides ; Brain ; Behaviour ; Distribution ; Protein Binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats and mice were injected with 3H-labelled β-methyldigoxin, digoxin or digitoxin i.p. Four hours later, the concentrations of radioactivity were measured in the plasma and in skeletal muscle or in the brain. Protein binding in the plasma was determined and the concentration of radioactivity in the plasma water was calculated. By dividing the injected dose or the concentration in the tissue by that in the plasma water, distribution coefficients (DCs) were calculated for the whole body, skeletal muscle and brain. Some extra-cardiac effects of the three glycosides were quantified and the concentrations that may be expected in plasma water, skeletal muscle and brain after the administration of equiactive doses were calculated. 1. The DC of the injected dose was lower for β-methyl-digoxin than for digoxin and digitoxin. This difference cannot be explained by a slow elimination of β-methyl-digoxin suggesting that it has a low distribution volume in these species. 2. In rats, the DC between skeletal muscle and plasma water decreased in the order digitoxin 〉 digoxin ≫ β-methyl-digoxin. 3. In mice and rats, the DC between brain and plasma water decreased in the order digitoxin ≫ β-methyl-digoxin 〉 digoxin. 4. Protein binding decreased in the order digitoxin ≫ digoxin 〉 β-methyldigoxin. 5. In rats, the doses producing an equal increase in potassium excretion decreased in the order digitoxin 〉 digoxin 〉 β-methyl-digoxin. On the other hand, the concentrations of radioactivity in the plasma water correlated with these doses decreased in the order β-methyl-digoxin 〉 digitoxin ≫ digoxin. There was no significant difference between the intracellular concentrations of digoxin and β-methyl-digoxin in skeletal muscle. 6. In mice, there was no clear correlation between inhibition of spontaneous motility or righting reflexes on the rotating rod and the concentrations of radioactivity in the plasma water or in the brain. β-Methyl-digoxin is moee lipophilic than digoxin but it penetrates less into skeletal muscle. It is as lipophilic as digitoxin, but it penetrates less into the brain of rats and mice. This shows that penetration of the cell membrane by cardiac glycosides does not solely depend on lipid solubility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500601
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-methyl-digoxin (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 302 (1978), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cats ; Cardiac glycosides ; Brain ; Distribution ; Side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tissue/plasma ratio of β-methyl-digoxin for cardiac muscle in cats was about the same 24 h after a single dose of 30 μg/kg as after a loading dose of 30 μg/kg followed by 3 maintenance doses of 7.5 μg/kg at 24 h intervals. The ratio for the brain increased 2-fold during that time. After the i.v. injection of a toxic loading dose of 70 μg/kg β-methyl-digoxin or digoxin, maintenance doses of as little as 15 μg/kg at 48 h intervals sufficed to maintain the minimum plasma glycoside concentrations determined by RIA at about 3 ng/ml. There was no difference in the plasma concentrations or in the severity of intoxication produced by both glycosides. Cats vomited within 3 h after i.v. injection of 100 μg/kg β-methyl-digoxin, whereas a loading dose of 30 μg/kg followed by 3 injections of 7.5 μg/kg at 24 h intervals were well tolerated. The concentration of radioactivity in the brain 3 h after 100 μg/kg was less than 24 h after the last injection of 7.5 μg/kg in the experiments with repeated dosage. Cerebral side-effects such as vomiting, loss of appetite and weight were better correlated with the glycoside concentrations in the plasma than with those in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Struktur der Amino-azimine (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 85 (1973), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19730850506
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of hygromycin B, an antibiotic from Streptomyces hygroscopicusPresented in part at the Ninth Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, D.C., October 27-29, 1969.; The use of CMR. spectra in structure determination, I (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 53 (1970), S. 2314-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Antibioticum Hygromycin B, eine Verbindung C20H37N3O13 aus Streptomyces hygroscopicus, wurde hydrolytisch gespalten und die Spaltprodukte charakterisiert und identifiziert. Die Kenntnis ihrer Struktur und die Interpretation von 13C-NMR.- (CMR.)- Spektren führten zur Strukturaufklärung des Antibiotikums.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19700530846
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionen von Malonsäureethylesteraniliden mit Heterokumulenen (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 323 (1981), S. 637-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Malonanilic Acid Ethyl Esters with HeterocumulenesMalonanilic acid ethyl esters 1 react with carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydride to give disodium salts 2. Treatment of 2 with an alkylation reagent yields the openchain or cyclic ketene S,S-acetals 3 and 4, respectively. Adding only one equivalent of methyl iodide to 2 and acidifying the reaction mixture lead to the dithioesters 5. Reaction of 3 with amines or o-amino-thiophenol yields S,N- and N,N-acetals only in some cases. S,N-acetals 6 are further available by addition of phenyl isothiocyanate to 1 whereas N,N-acetals are synthesized, too, by chlorination of 3 and reaction with amines. Acidifying of 11 gives the thioacetoanilides 12. Some more reactions (oxidation of 3a, d and saponification/decarboxylation of 4a) are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19813230416
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionen des Trifluoracetyl-carbäthoxy-carbens II. Mitteilung (1961)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 73 (1961), S. 409-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19610731116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the various phases of aluminium in steel by x-ray fluorescence spectrometryDedicated to Prof. Dr F. Huber on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Presented at the 17th Spektrometertagung, Lugano, 1988. (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The total content of aluminium in steel can be determined from the Kα line in the x-ray spectrum with a detection limit of 0.001%. However, aluminium is generally present in three phases, as metal, as nitride and as oxide; these different phases are of metallurgical significance and have to be distinguished. This is possible from their different kβ bands in the x-ray spectrum, which were found at 1555.3 1553.9 and 1552.5 eV, respectively. The physical bandwidth of about x-ray 7 eV, however, causes overlapping of the peaks, so that an unfolding procedure is needed. The defection limit of the different phases was determined to be 0.06% which, unfortunately, is above the region of interest for modern steel analysis. In addition, the analysis time of about 3 min is too long for use in process control, so that the classical methods for pahse determination cannot be replaced by x-ray fluorescence analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300180409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of Aminoazimines (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 12 (1973), S. 236-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197302361
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notiz über Molekülverbindungen mit Natriumpikrat (1936)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 69 (1936), S. 2766-2769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19360691232
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