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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal, real-time monitoring of particle size distribution in a fluidized bed (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel method for tracking particle size distribution dynamics in a fluidized bed yields on-line, real-time measurements of particle size distribution that are representative of actual conditions. These measurements are somewhat corrupted with noise (random error), however, and are available to the computer only at discrete time intervals. An optimal filtering algorithm combines the measurements with predictions from an idealized dynamic model to yield particle size distribution estimates that are not only on-line and real-time, but also virtually continuous and well-behaved.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of linear distributed-parameter filters to lumped approximants (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 186-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimal distributed-parameter filters are commonly implemented using approximating lumped Kalman filtering theory. The effect of such an approximation is investigated. A theoretical development shows that there is a loss in the spatial noise correlation for the lumped approximants. Two numerical examples of engineering significance illustrate that one result of this loss is slower filter convergence for the lumped approximants relative to the full distributed-parameter filters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-time estimation of dynamic particle-size distributions in a fluidized bed: Theoretical foundation (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1202-1212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Significant noise (random error) is common in an on-line signal when measuring the particle size distribution in a fluidized bed. The application of optimal estimation theory to obtain a filtering algorithm that can rectify such measurements is detailed. Off-line simulation studies demonstrate that the filtering algorithm yields a measure of particle size distribution that is well-behaved, accurate, and able to track in real time as conditions change in the bed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310718
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of surfactant by Arthrobacter paraffineus ATCC 19558 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 165-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A. paraffineus ATCC 19558 grown in MMSM (modified mineral salts medium) containing hydrocarbon produced surfactant, with a maximum CMC-1 value obtained by using hexadecane as the carbon source. No activity of surface active agent in whole broth was observed when glucose was used in the MMSM instead of hexadecane. The biomass concentration obtained with glucose was about 40% of that obtained with hexadecane. Glucose (4%) in the medium contaning hexadecane caused a 27 and 21% decrease of biomass and surfactant concentrations, respectively. In the process of surfactant production, glucose can be used as a carbon source for growth, and hexadecane added later can serve for production of the surface active agent. The optimum temperature for production of surfactant is 27°C.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosurfactants and aqueous two-phase fermentation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 86-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: aqueous two-phase system ; biosurfactant ; extractive bioconversion ; cell partitioning ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The partition of surfactants and a biosurfactant-producing microorganism was studied in polyethylene glycol and dextran aqueous two-phase systems. In the presence of sodium phosphate, surfactants distributed themselves according to charge. Cationic surfactants preferred the bottom phase, while anionic surfactants were attracted to the top phase. Incresing the phosphate molarity or the pH resulted in a more 1-sided surfactant partitioning. Biosurfactant partitioning was weaker than synthetic surfactant partitioning due to the weaker effective charge and lack to strong specific affinity for any of the phase-forming polymers. Bacillus Subtilis cells partitioned very storngly to the bottom phase. The bioscurfactant, surfactin, produced by this microorganism partitioned to the top phase. Batch fermentations were carried out in an aqueous 2-phase system. Surfactin was produced in larger quanities in the 2-phase fermentation than in the regular mineral salts medium.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical model of self-cycling fermentation (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 180-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: self-cycling fermentation ; mathematical model ; synchronous growth ; computer-controlled fermentation ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article presents a mathematical model for biomass, limiting substrate, and dissolved oxygen concentrations during stable operation of self-cycling fermentation (SCF). Laboratory experiments using the bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1 and ethanol as the limiting substrate were performed to validate the model. A computer simulation developed from the model successfully matched experimental SCF intracycle trends and end-of-cycle results and, most importantly, settled into an unimposed periodicity characteristic of stable SCF operation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460212
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of phenol using the self-cycling fermentation (SCF) process (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 112-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biodegradation ; self-cycling fermentation ; phenol ; Pseudomonas putida ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Self-cycling fermentation (SCF) in a stirred tank reactor was applied to the biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida. The technique resulted in stable and repeatable performance. Complete substrate consumption was achieved under all operating conditions investigated. SCF resulted in substrate utilization rates as high as 14.5 kg of phenol per cubic meter of fermentor volume per day of fermentation, higher than those that have been reported for batch, CSTR, and packed column fermentors. A mathematical model of the self-cycling fermentation process was expanded to include inhibitory substrate-microorganism combinations, and was shown to provide a good fit to both end-of-cycle and intracycle experimental data. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of anions on metal adsorption by Rhizopus arrhizus biomass (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 882-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The presence of anions in solution was found to inhibit the uptake of La3+, Cd2+, Pb2+, UO2+2, and Ag+ by Rhizopus arrhizus biomass. The effects ranged from total inhibition of Cd2+ and Pb2+ uptake at equimolar concentrations of EDTA to no change in uptake of La3+ or UO2+2 at 12-fold molar excesses of Cl- or CO2-3. No anion was found to enhance metal uptake levels, and the degree of inhibition generally followed the series: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm EDTA } \ge \ge {\rm SO}_{^{^{^{\rm 4} } } }^{{\rm 2} - } \ge {\rm Cl}^ - \ge {\rm PO}_{^{^{^{\rm 4} } } }^{{\rm 3} - } \ge {\rm glutamate} \ge {\rm CO}_{^{^{\rm 3} } }^{{\rm 2} - } $$\end{document} The chemical equilibrium model REDEQL2 was adapted to treat metal uptake by R. arrhizus biomass and used to predict the effects of anions in solution. Comparisons with the experimental results are made and discussed in light of the assumptions underlying the model.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300711
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative molecular weight study with particular reference to black wattle tannins (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 33 (1958), S. 53-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Details are given of a further modification to the Ray ebulliometer which permits easy interchange of the Cottrell pump tube. The stability of the apparatus with different pump tubes and pumping conditions was also examined. Molecular weights obtained with the use of two ebulliometers and three solvent systems are compared. The validity of the recently developed ultracentrifuge methods for determining physical properties of molecules with molecular weights in the range 300 to 10,000 was checked by using a pure compound of known molecular weight. Agreement was obtained also between the data obtained by the Klainer and Kegeles method and separate sedimentation and diffusion data. The molecular weight of an ethyl acetate extract of black wattle tannin was determined by the ebulliometric and these ultracentrifuge methods. The ultracentrifuge value for the whole extract decreased with time due to sedimentation of high molecular weight impurities. The final ultracentrifuge weight-average molecular weight (1175) is in good agreement with the number-average value for the tannin polyphenols (922) obtained by ebulliometry. The difference between the values confirms the known heterogeneity of the polyphenols.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1203312607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of production of ions in electrospray mass spectrometry (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 28 (1993), S. 721-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mechanism for the production of multiply charged molecular ion species in electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) is still required. A concise discussion of a recently published ionic solution equilibrium model offering a partial mechanism is presented. That publication proposed that the ion abundance-charge profile could be fitted by one or a series of superimposed Gaussian functions, in accord with a solution equilibrium model. It is shown that indeed a simulated mass spectrum based on a solution odel can compare well with the observed spectrum. However, some new and recently published experimental evidence is presented which shows that the ES mass spectra of many proteins give rise to multiply charged molecular ions which carry higher charges than those calculated by the model. Further, the ion abundance-charge profile is very sensitive to some experimental parameters, e.g. cone voltage; it does not necessarily reflect the solution or gaseous ion populations in the mass spectrometer source. Therefore, the concept that gaseous multi-charged ions originate from equivalently charged solvated ions in electrically neutral solution must be treated with caution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210280612
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