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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1097-1105 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model is developed for a styrene pilot plant reactor. The steady state version of this model was used to optimize the location of a steam injection port part way along the catalytic bed. Significant improvement in reactor performance was predicted by splitting the steam feed between the reactor inlet and the injection port. Performance was measured in terms of market value of products minus a utility cost for the steam. Studies were also carried out via computer simulation to determine optimal operating conditions. An important result was the relationship of optimal steam-to-ethylbenzene feed ratio to the kinetic parameters which describe the main dehydrogenation reaction. A pilot plant was constructed and operated in order to investigate experimentally the predictions of the mathematical model. Instrumentation was designed and installed so that an on-line digital computer could acquire process measurements directly and establish operating conditions. The experimental program confirmed the improved performance by operation of the reactor with a steam injection port and the existence of an optimum of the steam-to-ethylbenzene feed ratio as indicated by simulation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 526-532 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method has been developed for the calculation of the viscosity of nonpolar gas mixtures at moderate and elevated pressures from the molecular weights and critical constants of the components. By the use of available experimental data and appropriate pseudocritical constant rules, results obtained previously for the viscosity of pure gases have been extended to mixtures. Viscosity values calculated by the method developed in this study for a number of nonpolar gas mixtures were found to reproduce reported values with a high degree of accuracy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 393-401 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liapunov analysis techniques employing a general quadratic functional are used to derive stability conditions for tubular reactor systems. The adiabatic tubular reactor without axial dispersion is shown to be locally stable, which excludes the possibility of multiple steady states, and the reactor with axial dispersion is proven locally stable if a condition involving only system parameters and steady state values is satisfied. Peclet numbers for heat and mass transfer are not specified equal for the latter proof.Results of simulation studies are used to confirm the validity of the derived stability condition, and it is shown that the parametric region of multiplicity is quite well defined. For the nonlinear equations, single steady state cases appear to possess nonuniform stability.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1143-1144 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 730-732 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 511-522 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of mixing intensity (power input) on the precipitation/crystallization of barium sulfate in a two-feedstream (sodium sulfate, barium chloride) continuous stirred-tank crystallizer with mixed product removal was investigated through experiments and companion mathematical models. Crystal growth rate and nucleation rate were very sensitive to mixing intensity, with growth rate increasing eightfold and nucleation rate decreasing 100-fold as power input per unit mass was increased from 0.001 to 0.73 m2/s3 (0 to 1,200 rpm stirrer speed). Experimental results at high feed concentration were accurately described by a model accounting for homogeneous nucleation and kinetic growth of particles as well as turbulent mass transfer to particles and turbulent micromixing of feedstreams. The principal mixing effect was due to particle mass transfer, not micromixing. Experiments at low feed concentration were more difficult to model because of a more complex nucleation mechanism and altered particle morphology.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 313-321 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nickel catalysts reduced with sodium borohydride have been found to be active for the liquid phase dehydrogenation of isopropanol. The activity, per unit weight of catalyst, is at least as high as that of Raney nickel. Promotion of the new catalyts with small amounts of chromium has been explained by an increase in surface area. Indeed, the activity per unit surface area of the unpromoted and promoted nickel catalysts is constant over a sevenfold range of surface area.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Metal complexes ; Template synthesis ; Schiff bases ; Oxaazamacrocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New series of macrocyclic Schiff-base lanthanide(III), yttrium(III), and cadmium(II) complexes, [M(1)]Xn (X = NO3-, M = Y, Ln = La-Yb except Pm and Dy; X = ClO4-, M = Cd, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, or Er) and [M(3)]Xn (X = NO3-, M = Dy; X = ClO4-, M = Er and Cd), have been prepared by cyclocondensation of O1,O7-bis(2-formylphenyl)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane with O1,O7-bis(2-aninyl)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane (1) or tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (3) in the presence of the appropriate metal salt as a template agent. The Schiff-base macrocycles 1 and 3 are also formed in the absence of a metal ion. Treatment of 1 with NaBH4 in methanol gives the diamine macrocycle 2. The reactions of LnIII, CdII, and YIII ions with 2 have also been investigated. The crystal structures of the monoprotonated ligand 2 and of the complex [Cd(3)](ClO4)2 have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -//_/_http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/2000/99352_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 657-666 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: β-galactosidase ; lactose ; β-galactopyranoside ; synthesis ; organic solvent ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Commercially available lactase (β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) enzymes produced from Kluyveromyces fragilis and Kluyveromyces lactis were accessed as catalysts for use in the production of β-galactopyranosides of various alcohols using lactose as galactosyl donor. The yield of galactoside was enhanced by using the highest practical concentrations of both lactose and alcohol acceptor. The concentrations and thus yield, were limited by the solubility of the substrates. The increase in galactoside yield with increasing lactose concentration appeared to be specific to the lactose substrate and not due to water activity alterations, because addition of maltose to a fixed concentration of lactose had no effect. During the course of the reaction, the yield of galactoside peaked after around 70% to 80% of the lactose was consumed, due to hydrolysis of the product by the enzyme. A wide variety of compounds with primary or secondary hydroxyl groups could act as acceptors, the essential requirement being at least some water solubility. Addition of organic cosolvents had little effect on galactoside yield except when it increased the water solubility of sparingly soluble alcohols. Some galactosides were synthesized on a gram scale to determine practical product recoveries and improve purification methods for large-scale synthesis. Initial purification by hydrophobic chromatography (for galactosides of hydrophobic alcohols) or strong anion-exchange chromatography (for galactosides of hydrophilic alcohols) separated galactosides, galactobiosides, and higher oligomers from reducing sugars. A facile separation of the galactoside and galactobioside could then be effected by flash chromatography on silica gel. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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