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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of soft-segment length and concentration on phase separation in segmented polyurethanes (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 545-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Three series of polyurethanes, based on three polyols, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and three chain extenders were synthesized. Polypropylene glycol (PPG) soft-segment length (MW 1000, 2000, and 3000), soft-segment concentration (30%, 50%, and 70%), and the type of chain extender (ethylene glycol, butane diol, and hexane diol) were varied and their effect on the amount of phase separation studied. Methods for assessing phase separation quantitatively, based on shifts of the glass transition temperature Tg and the enthalpy jump at the glass transition were tested. It was shown that they give incorrect results, especially with PPG 1000 as the soft segment. Dependence of the soft segment Tg on the polyol length was explained by the “network effect.” True phase mixing was found only with PPG 1000 series at low soft-segment concentration, whereas, no clear indication of the phase mixing with PPG 2000 and PPG 3000 based polyurethanes was observed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1989.090270305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of castor oil-based polyurethanes (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 1031-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four series of polyurethane elastomers were synthesized using diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and castor oil as the polyol. Two types of MDI (crude and distilled) were used. The temperature of reaction and the effect of excess isocyanate above stoichiometric were also varied. The structure of the polyurethanes was analyzed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and density and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermomechanical and dynamic mechanical (TMA and DMA) as well as mechanical measurements were carried out. The results have shown considerable influence of the type of MDI, excess of isocyanate, and temperature of preparation on the properties of the polyurethanes synthesized.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290401
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of segmented polytetramethyleneoxide-based polyurethanes (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1929-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three series of segmented polyurethanes, based on polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) soft segments, having molecular weights of 650, 1000, and 2000 and MDI/butane diol hard segments, were synthesized and their dielectric properties examined. The effect of the soft segment length, soft segment concentration (ssc) as structural variables, and frequency and temperature as experimental variables, on relative permittivity and tan δ, were examined. The results were discussed in terms of the structural parameters such as the degree of phase separation and soft segment phase state. It was found that both soft segment length and ssc strongly affect dielectric behavior.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070381014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyurethane-polypropylene blends (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 779-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Five series of blends were obtained by mixing five polyurethanes (PUR), based on poly-propyleneoxide, MDI, and butanediol, with polypropylene (PP). The structure of PUR was varied by varying soft segment length (MW = 1000 and 2000) and soft segment concentration (50, 60, and 70%). It has been shown that interaction between PUR and PP was better in the case of PUR with the polyol of MW = 1000. The addition of lower molecular weight PUR produced an easy flowing material in the molten state, comparable with the “control rheology PP.” The morphology of the blends changed with PUR concentration. At 30% PUR the dispersed phase tended to agglomerate in the form of long cylinders. Mechanical properties generally were affected by the change of morphology.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420321
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of methods for determination of kinetic parameters from thermogravimetry and DSC measurements (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4353-4367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of crosslinking on properties of polyurethane elastomers (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of segmented polyurethanes from two polyols, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and butane diol was synthesized. The degree of chemical crosslinking was controlled by varying the ratio of poly(oxypropylene) diol to poly(oxypropylene/oxyethylene) triol. The samples were prepared at the stoichiometric ratio of NCO to OH groups and at a constant concentration of hard segments (butane diol; MDI) equal 50 wt %. At low concentrations of the triol the molecular weight of the polyurethanes increases; at higher concentrations (above 9 mol %) crosslinked products are obtained. All samples show a distinct two-phase structure and in the region of 0-150°C the dynamic mechanical behavior is affected by the hard phase. Chemical crosslinking was found to increase the tensile strength and strain at break, but did not affect appreciably the tear strength, hardness, and soft segment glass transition. The stress relaxation rate at room temperature was found to depend both on the elongation and on the degree of crosslinking. A comparison of the sol fractions ws found for crosslinked samples with the predictions of the theory of branching processes proved that the achieved conversions of reactive groups in networks are high (∼ 0.98).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and properties of fibers based on polycarbonate/liquid crystalline polymer blends (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: polycarbonate ; thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer ; fibers ; in situ composite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polycarbonate-triad-4-co-polybutylene terephthalate liquid crystalline blends were prepared and spun into fibers. It has been shown that fibrillation of the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) takes place at the given spinning conditions, forming thus “in situ” reinforcement. Continuous fibrils are formed at concentrations between 2.5 and 5% LCP. A degree of miscibility between two phases was observed. The moduli of both as-spun and cold drawn fibers increase almost linearly with increasing concentration of TLCP. Tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with increasing TLCP content. The structure of the cold drawn fibers was not stable with time, causing a relaxation in the observed properties.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220060206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of segmented polyurethanes (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1087-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal degradation of polyurethane samples was studied by a thermogravimetric method. The effect of soft-segment length and soft-segment concentration on activation energy of the degradation process was measured. Three methods of calculation gave activation energies at different stages of the very complex weight loss process. It was shown that at initial stages of the weight loss the process was dominated by hard-segment degradation. Activation energy of the whole process calculated by the Ozawa-Flynn method did not offer clear insight into the structure-stability relationship of polyurethanes. The second method showed that activation energy of the initial stage of degradation increased with decrease in hard-segment length. The Flynn method of calculating activation energy produced fairly constant activation energy of the first 40% degradation, at around 150 kJ/mol, for polymers in the C series. Generally, calculation of kinetic parameters of a complex degradation process as in polyurethanes gives results that are not easy to interpret. It has been shown qualitatively that polymers with higher soft-segment concentration display lower initial weight loss and higher onset temperatures of degradation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510615
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relationship in fibers spun from poly(ethylene terephthalate) and liquid crystalline polymer blends. I. The effect of composition and processing on fiber morphology and properties (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1077-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrix was modified by blending with a specially prepared thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP), in the hope to make the in situ composite during fiber spinning. It has been found that the TLCP did not fibrillate in the PET matrix at any concentration under given processing conditions, although it did in the polycarbonate matrix. This was explained by the low interaction parameter (low surface tension) and partial degree of mixing of PET and TLCP. The TLCP was an excellent processing aid even at very low concentrations, but it had an adverse effect on the strength of highly drawn fibers. The modulus of both undrawn and highly drawn fibers increases slightly with increasing TLCP concentration. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580614
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polypropylene-Carbon black interaction in conductive composites (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1659-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interaction between polypropylene matrix and carbon black was examined by measuring physical, mechanical, and electrical properties. It has been shown that presence of carbon black influences the morphology and crystallinity of the matrix. Strong interaction was observed directly by electron microscopy and indirectly by the rise of the modulus of elasticity. The effect of carbon black on strength and physical properties of the composites is discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490919
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