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  • Organic Chemistry  (13)
  • Clinical application  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prokalzitonin (1997)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Procalcitonin ; Clinical application ; Sepsis ; Acute pancreatitis ; Schlüsselwörter Prokalzitonin ; Klinische Applikation ; Sepsis ; Akute Pankreatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Prokalzitonin (PCT) ist ein Protein, welches bei systemischen Infektionen mit Bakterien, Pilzen und Protozoen in erhöhter Konzentration im Blut nachgewiesen werden kann. Bei operativen Traumen steigt PCT im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Akute-Phase-Proteinen, wie C-reaktivem Protein oder Interleukin-6, nicht oder nur marginal an. Somit ist es möglich, mit Hilfe eines Laborparameters systemische Infektionen postoperativ zu erkennen. In dieser Arbeit werden aus heutiger Sicht die vermuteten Induktionsmechanismen der PCT-Synthese durch Zytokine und bakterielle Endotoxine dargestellt. Außerdem werden klinische Anwendungen der PCT-Messung mit Beispielen aus der Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie vorgestellt. In eigenen Untersuchungen konnten wir am Aufnahmetag bei 8 Patienten mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einen PCT-Mittelwert von 6,9 ng/ml messen. Weitere 7 Patienten mit ödematöser Pankreatitis wiesen einen PCT-Mittelwert von nur 0,67 ng/ml auf. Trotz des deutlichen Unterschieds in den Mittelwerten konnte keine statistisch signifikante Differenz zwischen Normalwerten und nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einerseits oder Normwerten und ödematöser Pankreatitis andererseits festgestellt werden. Die Ursache hierfür lag in der großen Streubreite der PCT-Werte in der Gruppe mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis (0,33 – 32,9 ng/ml). Diese große Variation der Werte ist möglicherweise dadurch bedingt, daß nur ein Teil der Patienten schon frühzeitig eine bakterielle Superinfektion der Nekrose mit konsekutiver PCT-Erhöhung aufwies. Wir vermuten, daß eine Unterscheidung zwischen superinfizierter nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einerseits und nekrotisierender steriler Pankreatitis bzw. ödematöser Pankreatitis andererseits mittels PCT-Messungen möglich ist, jedoch sind größere Studien mit einer mikrobiologischen Untersuchung des nekrotischen Materials und Blutkulturen notwendig, um den endgültigen Stellenwert der PCT-Bestimmung im klinischen Alltag, besonders in der Prognoseabschätzung der akuten Pankreatitis, unter Beweis zu stellen.
    Notes: Abstract Procalcitonin is a protein which is found in elevated concentrations in the blood circulation during systemic bacterial, fungal or protozoal infection. In contrast to classical acute-phase proteins like C-reactive protein or interleukin-6, it is not elevated after operative trauma. In this paper we present current opinions on the assumed induction mechanisms of the protein by cytokines and endotoxin. Furthermore, the clinical value for early detection of systemic infections in abdominal and transplantation surgery is demonstrated by examples from the literature. Our investigation shows that eight patients with necrotizing pancreatitis had a PCT mean value of 6.9 ng/ml on the day of admission. Seven patients with edematous pancreatitis had only a PCT mean value of 0.69 ng/ml. Despite these differences in the mean values, a significant difference between the normal value and the mean value of the group with necrotizing pancreatitis or edematous pancreatitis was not observed due to the wide range of PCT levels in the group of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. The fact that only a few of the patients had a superinfected necrosis with systemic evasion of bacterias or their toxins may be the reason for this wide range. We suggest that a discrimination between superinfected necrotizing or sterile pancreatitis and edematous pancreatitis by PCT could be possible but more extensive studies with microbiological examination of the necrotic material are required to recognize the subgroups and to establish the real diagnostic efficiency of PCT in clinical practice, especially in the prediction of the outcome of acute pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008070
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prokalzitonin Ein neuer Marker für die Akute-Phase-Reaktion bei akuter Pankreatitis (1997)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Procalcitonin ; Clinical application ; Sepsis ; Acute pancreatitis ; Prokalzitonin ; Klinische Applikation ; Sepsis ; Akute Pankreatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Prokalzitonin (PCT) ist ein Protein, welches bei systemischen Infektionen mit Bakterien, Pilzen und Protozoen in erhöhter Konzentration im Blut nachgewiesen werden kann. Bei operativen Traumen steigt PCT im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Akute-Phase-Proteinen, wie C-reaktivem Protein oder Interleukin-6, nicht oder nur marginal an. Somit ist es möglich, mit Hilfe eines Laborparameters systemische Infektionen postoperativ zu erkennen. In dieser Arbeit werden aus heutiger Sicht die vermuteten Induktionsmechanismen der PCT-Synthese durch Zytokine und bakterielle Endotoxine dargestellt. Außerdem werden klinische Anwendungen der PCT-Messung mit Beispielen aus der Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie vorgestellt. In eigenen Untersuchungen konnten wir am Aufnahmetag bei 8 Patienten mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einen PCT-Mittelwert von 6,9 ng/ml messen. Weitere 7 Patienten mit ödematöser Pankreatitis wiesen einen PCT-Mittelwert von nur 0,67 ng/ml auf. Trotz des deutlichen Unterschieds in den Mittelwerten konnte keine statistisch signifikante Differenz zwischen Normalwerten und nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einerseits oder Normwerten und ödematöser Pankreatitis andererseits festgestellt werden. Die Ursache hierfür lag in der großen Streubreite der PCT-Werte in der Gruppe mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis (0,33–32,9 ng/ml). Diese große Variation der Werte ist möglicherweise dadurch bedingt, daß nur ein Teil der Patienten schon frühzeitig eine bakterielle Superinfektion der Nekrose mit konsekutiver PCT-Erhöhung aufwies. Wir vermuten, daß eine Unterscheidung zwischen superinfizierter nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einerseits und nekrotisierender steriler Pankreatitis bzw. ödematöser Pankreatitis andererseits mittels PCT-Messungen möglich ist, jedoch sind größere Studien mit einer mikrobiologischen Untersuchung des nekrotischen Materials und Blutkulturen notwendig, um den endgültigen Stellenwert der PCT-Bestimmung im klinischen Alltag, besonders in der Prognoseabschätzung der akuten Pankreatitis, unter Beweis zu stellen.
    Notes: Abstract Procalcitonin is a protein which is found in elevated concentrations in the blood circulation during systemic bacterial, fungal or protozoal infection. In contrast to classical acute-phase proteins like C-reactive protein or interleukin-6, it is not elevated after operative trauma. In this paper we present current opinions on the assumed induction mechanisms of the protein by cytokines and endotoxin. Furthermore, the clinical value for early detection of systemic infections in abdominal and transplantation surgery is demonstrated by examples from the literature. Our investigation shows that eight patients with necrotizing pancreatitis had a PCT mean value of 6.9 ng/ml on the day of admission. Seven patients with edematous pancreatitis had only a PCT mean value of 0.69 ng/ml. Despite these differences in the mean values, a significant difference between the normal value and the mean value of the group with necrotizing pancreatitis or edematous pancreatitis was not observed due to the wide range of PCT levels in the group of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. The fact that only a few of the patients had a superinfected necrosis with systemic evasion of bacterias or their toxins may be the reason for this wide range. We suggest that a discrimination between superinfected necrotizing or sterile pancreatitis and edematous pancreatitis by PCT could be possible but more extensive studies with microbiological examination of the necrotic material are required to recognize the subgroups and to establish the real diagnostic efficiency of PCT in clinical practice, especially in the prediction of the outcome of acute pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386624
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    About the Unusual Formation of a Vinylogue TetrathiafulvaleneOrganic Electronic Conductors and Precursors, XVI [1] (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 336 (1994), S. 355-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19943360415
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arylierung von Thiocarbonylverbindungen mit Diazoniumsalzen (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 669-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arylation of Thiocarbonyl Compounds by Arenediazonium Salts
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19823240425
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Oxydation von 1-(1,3-Thiazol-2-yl)-pyrazolid-3-onen (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 873-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Oxydation of 1-(1,3-Thiazol-2-yl)-pyrazolidin-3-onesThe 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-pyrazolid-3-ones 4 are synthesized by reaction of 1-thiocarbamoyl-pyrazolidin-3-one 2 with α-halogenaldehydes and α-halogenketones, respectively. The structure of 4 is proved by their 1H-n.m.r. and mass spectra. Oxydative dimerisation of 4 leads to the bisazomethinimines 10. The compounds 10 represent a new type of azomethinimines with a quinoid structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19823240602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Chlorierung von N-Aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultamenHerrn Prof. Dr. J. Ulbricht zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 545-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: About Chlorination of N-Aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultamesThe sultames of structure 1 are easily chlorinated by sulfurylchloride, chlorine or tertbutylhypochlorite. The structure of the mono-(2a-c,3a, d), di-(4a-d), tri- (5c, d) and pentachlorosultames (6a, b) is determined by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Contrary to the bromination the chlorination (by SO2Cl2) starts with the substitution of the sultamring (formation of mono- and di-chlorosultames) followed of the substitution of the (C-4)-CH3- group (formation of trichlorosultames). By 1,4-addition of an other molecule of chlorine to 5 the pentachlorosultames 6a, b are obtained. Already by recrystalisation of 6a, b in an alcohol the chlorine in 4-position is exchanged by the corresponding alkoxy group (CH3O, C2H5O, n-C3H7O) and the compounds 7-9 are formed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lewis-Säure- und photochemisch induzierte Dimroth-Umlagerung von 3H,6H-2,5-Bis-(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2-thiazolino[5,4-d]1,2-thiazolin-3,6-dithion (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 332 (1990), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lewis-acid and Photochemically Induced Dimroth Rearrangement of 3H,6H-2,5-Bis-(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl) -1,2-thiazolino[5,4-d]1,2-thiazoline-3,6-dithioneThe reaction of 3H,6H-1,2-dithiolo[4,3-c]1,2-dithiole-3,6-dithione (5) with N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamin gives, depending on the conditions of the reaction, 3H,6H-3-(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl-imino)-1,2-dithiolo[4,3-c]1,2-dithiole-6-thione (7), and 3H,6H-2,5-Bis-(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl) -1,2-thiazolino[5,4-d]1,2-thiazoline-3,6-dithione (3d). Catalyzed by Lewis acids the compound 3d rearranges reversibly into the isomeric 3H,6H-3,6-bis-(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl-imino) -1,2-dithiolo[4,3-c]1,2-dithiole (4d). The Dimroth type rearrangement of 3d into 4d occurs also on irradiation.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19903320317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of 3H, 6H-1, 2-Dithiolo[4,3-c]1,2-dithiole-3, 6-dithione with primary aliphatic amines (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 333 (1991), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of 3H,6H-1,2-dithiolo[4,3-c]1,2-dithiole-3, 6-dithione (1) with primary aliphatic amines (8a,b) gives 3H,6H-3,6-bisalkylimino-1,2-dithiolo[4,3-c]1,2- dithiole (9a,b), 3H,3-N-alkylamino-5-N-alkylthiocarbamido-1, 2-dithiolium-4-thiolate (10a,b) and 3H,3-N-alkylimino-4-alkylamino-5-N-alkylthiocarbamido-1,2-dithiole (11a,b). The compounds 9-11 can be formed from one another. The compounds 10a,b react with nickel chloride to the stable complexes 14a,b. In basic medium 10 gives the salt of 3H,3N-alkylthiocarbamido-1,2-dithiole-4-thiolate 15, which reacts with methyl iodide to 3H,3N-alkylimino-5-N-alkylthiocarbamido-4-methylthio-1,2-dithiole 16.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19913330103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterocyclisch substitutierte Arendiazoniumsalze mit erweiterter spektraler Empfindlichkeit - Teil I: Monomethine und AzamethineHerrn Professor Dr. E. Schmitz zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 330 (1988), S. 590-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocyclic Substituted Arendiazonium Salts with a Long-wave-length Range of Sensitivity  -  Part I: Monomethins and AzamethinsTwo new types of arendiazonium salts have been synthesized. In these compounds a heterocycliden ring is bridged through a methine group (8a-o) or a nitrogen (11a-c) with the 4-position of a benzene diazonium group.Both types show sensitivity towards normal day-light, their long wave-length absorption band vary from 430 nm up to 590 nm, depending on the donor strength of the heterocycliden ring and the nature of the bridging group.The thermostability, the quantum yields of photochemical dediazonation and the coupling behaviour of the diazonium salts are investigated, in order to evaluate their potential applicability in a commercial diazotype system.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19883300413
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von 2-Heterocyclidenamino-1,3-diazatrimethincyaninen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 827-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 2-Heterocyclidenamino-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyaninesThe synthesis of 2-[3-methyl-benzthiazol-(1, 3)-inylidene-(2)-amino]- and of substituted 2-[1, 3-dithiolyliden-(2)-amino]-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyanines is described. The heterocyclic imines 1 react with phosgene or thiophosgene to the corresponding ureas 2 and thiureas 3, respectively. Alkylation of 3 to the 2-alkylmercapto-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyanines 4 and subsequent condensation with imine 1 yields the dyes 5. The chemical and spectroscopical data of cyanines 5 are described.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210514
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