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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • Clinical symptoms  (1)
  • Growth cone  (1)
  • Key words: Harderian gland  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Filopodia ; Growth cone ; Laser scanning confocal microscopy ; Perpendicular contact guidance ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The details of the morphology of vertically migrating granule cells were examined semiquantitatively in the postnatal mouse cerebellum by a Golgi method, with special reference to the growth cone-related structures such as filopodia and lamellipodia. The first sign of inward migration was extension of short, vertical filopodium-like processes from the sides of the perikarya of tangentially oriented granule cells, followed by a change of orientation of cell bodies to the vertical axis showing a T-shaped morphology. The T-shaped migratory cells formed sprouted filopodia (side spikes) from their vertical leading processes and perikarya at right angles to the vertical axis. More than three-quarters of the migratory cells extended the side spikes. The presence of such side spikes was confirmed with laser scanning confocal microscopy of granule cells labeled with 1,1′, dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate and also with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, about one-fourth of migratory cells extended lamellipodia of web-like forms along the stem or at the tip of the leading process, some of which showed a typical growth cone. Several morphological variations of vertical granule cells were also observed. Furthermore, TEM observation confirmed that side spikes from migratory cells made direct contact with parallel fibers. The present results suggest that, during vertical migration, growth cone-related structures of the leading processes of granule cells adhere to and probably recognize tangentially oriented parallel fibers. Therefore, the mechanisms of the vertical guidance and migration of granule cells in the cerebellar cortex seem to be multiple, involving not only parallel contact guidance by the Bergmann glia fibers but also perpendicular contact guidance by the parallel fibers. These parallel and perpendicular geometric cues surrounding the granule cells seem to have produced the varying morphology of vertically migrating granule cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 25 (1996), S. 496-504 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Zervikale Spondylose ; Myelopathie ; Pathoanatomie ; klinische Symptome ; Key words Cervical myelopathy ; Patho-anatomy ; Clinical symptoms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Clinical symptoms and patho-anatomic changes in cervical myelopathy due to spondylotic changes are described. The leading symptoms are numbness and clumsiness of upper and lower extremity, mostly combined with gait disturbances. Muscle wasting primarily on the upper extremity leads to the myelopathic hand. Cervical myelopathy can be classified into five main groups: 1. Spastic tetraparesis with numbness and hyperreflexivity of upper and lower extremity. The majority of patients present with the myelopathic hand. 2. Spastic paraparesis with lesion below C6. 3. Spastic tetraparesis, mild or moderate, with deltoid muscle paresis. 4. Amyotrophic myelopathic hand with mild long tract signs. 5. Central cord syndrome due to cervical spondylosis combined with trauma. From the therapeutic aspect, conservative treatment is often unsuccessful. It is important to relieve pressure on the myelon, and decompressive procedures, especially posterior laminoplasty techniques, are required. Earlier surgery provides better results.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Das klinische Erscheinungsbild der zervikalen Spondylose mit Myelopathie wird dargestellt. Die achsennahen Symptome wie Zervikalgie sind auf die radiologisch feststellbaren Veränderungen zurückzuführen. Periphere Symptome wie Radikulopathien können hinzukommen, wenn die lateralen Anteile des Spinalkanals eingeengt werden. Die Deltoideusparese Grad ≤ 3 (MMT) ist die häufigste Symptomatik von klinischer Bedeutung, wenn nur ein einzelner Muskel betroffen ist, die von der zervikalspondolytischen Radikulopathie verursacht wird. Bei der zervikalen Myelopathie stehen aber nicht Schmerz, sondern Funktionsstörungen im Vordergrund. Taubheitsgefühle an oberen und unteren Extremitäten sowie Gangstörungen sind Frühzeichen. Muskelatrophien werden vor allem an der oberen Extremität beobachtet und führen häufig zur sog. myelopathischen Hand. Der zervikale Myelopathie läßt sich in verschiedene Formen unterteilen: 1. spastische Tetraparese mit Symptomen der oberen und unteren Extremität, 2. spastische Paraparese bei Kompressionen unterhalb C6, 3. spastische Tetraparese mit Parese des M. deltoideus, 4. atropische Form der myelopathischen Hand mit Beteiligung der langen Bahnen, 5. zentrales Rückenmarksyndrom bei zervikaler Spondylose und Traumaanamnese. Therapeutisch sind konservative Maßnahmen wenig erfolgversprechend, es empfiehlt sich dekompressive Chirurgie. Die Prognose ist um so besser, je früher die Dekompression erfolgt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 501-507 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Harderian gland ; Apocrine secretion ; Myoepithelial cell ; NaF+AlCl3 ; Carbachol ; Papaverine ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Harderian glands of male albino rats were stimulated with secretagogues and examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy for the purpose of studying the apocrine secretory mechanism. Rats in the control group were perfused with standard HEPES-buffered Ringer’s solution. Their glandular endpieces showed wide lumina that contained few secretory materials; spontaneous exocytosis was sometimes observed. However, there were no features suggestive of an apocrine secretory mechanism or myoepithelial cell contractions. After stimulation with NaF+AlCl3 or carbachol in HEPES-buffered Ringer’s solution, the rats shed ”bloody tears” and the glandular lumina were jammed with apical protrusions, cytoplasmic material and secretory products. The basal surface of the glandular cells showed bulging caused by myoepithelial cell contraction. Perfusion with HEPES-buffered Ringer’s solution containing papaverine inhibited secretagogue-induced myoepithelial cell contraction but not the enhanced secretory activities of the glandular cells. The present results demonstrate that the Harderian gland of the rat can release secretory material not only by exocytosis, but also by an apocrine mechanism under stimulating conditions, and that myoepithelial cell contraction may not be involved in causing apical protrusion in the glandular cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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