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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 693-702 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic Algorithms ; Force field calculations ; Refinement of force field parameters ; Tripod metal compounds ; Conformational analysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Force field parameters used to describe the conformation of coordination compounds involving transition metals are generally derived by a trial-and-error procedure, until a somehow satisfying agreement between the calculated and observed conformations of a few members of a class of related compounds is reached. It is shown in this paper that a more general and less biased alternative is available, applicable to many structures at a time. Genetic Algorithms will effectively optimize force field parameters in an automatic way, on the basis of a potentially exhaustive set of all the structural data available for a given class of compounds. The feasibility of this procedure has been demonstrated by the derivation of force field parameters describing the conformational behaviour of tripod-Mo(CO)3 compounds [tripod= RCH2C(CH2X)(CH2Y)(CH2Z), X,Y,Z = PR′R′′)] by simultaneous optimization based on the structure of ten individual molecules. With the force field parameters relevant to the organic part of these compounds taken from MM2*, the parameters involving contributions from the Mo center were refined. The agreement between observed and calculated structures is characterized by an rms deviation of around 0.3 Å for the ten structures contained in the data base. To assess the validity of this approach, the conformational space of CH3C(CH2PPh2)3Mo(CO)3 was explored exhaustively. A contour diagram representing the relative energy of the molecule with respect to the rotational positions of its phenyl groups was found to effectively reproduce the scatter of these conformational parameters as earlier derived from an analysis of 82 relevant compounds. - As a further assessment, the conformational space of CH3C[CH2P(o-Tol)2]3Mo(CO)3, which was not included in the data base, has been analyzed. It is found that the structure corresponding to the global energy minimum corresponds to that observed in the crystal with an rms deviation of only 0.3 Å. The novel approach to problems of this type - Genetic Algorithms had not previously been applied in this context - thus appears promising.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Schlagwort(e): Germanium ; Tin ; Lead ; 119Sn NMR ; Dynamic NMR ; Salt metathesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The sodium salts Na2[{(CO)5M}2EX2] (M = Cr, Mo, W; E = Ge, Sn, Pb; X = Cl, I, OOCCH3) react with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) to form neutral compounds [{(CO)5M}2E(bipy)] (E = Sn: 1a-1c; E = Ge: 3a; E = Pb: 4). 1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) analogues of compounds 1a-1c and 3a [{(CO)5M}2E(phen)] (E = Sn: 1d-1f, E = Ge: 3b) are as well accessible. The 2,2′-bipyridine ligand in 1 may be formally replaced by two pyridine (py) ligands resulting in [{(CO)5M}2Sn(py)2] (1g: M = Cr, 1h: M = W). The bis-bidentate ligand 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpmd) is found to coordinate just one [{(CO)5M}2Sn] entity in [{(CO)5M}2Sn(bpmd)] (2b: M = Cr, 2c: M = W). The biimidazolato (biim) ligand binds two [{(CO)5Cr}2Sn] moieties in [{(CO)5Cr}2Sn(biim)Sn{Cr(CO)5}2]2-, 2a. It is shown by 1H-NMR that the pyrimidine entities in these compounds (2b, 2c) are able to rotate by a full 180° turn-around with respect to one another. This process must involve complete de-coordination of at least one of the two nitrogen donors in again at least one of the chelate cycles, the activation energy for this process being around 60 kJ/mol. By 119Sn-NMR spectroscopy of almost all of the tin compounds described it is shown that equilibria between [{(CO)5M}2Sn(L2)] and [{(CO)5M}2Sn(L)] + L exist in all cases. From the temperature dependence of the δ values it is concluded that the activation barriers for this association/dissociation process is below 10 kJ/mol. The structures of all new compounds are documented by X-ray analyses and all compounds are characterized by the usual analytical and spectroscopical techniques.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Tin ; Lead ; 119Sn NMR ; Salt metathesis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The reaction of Na2[M2(CO) 10] (M = Cr, Mo, W) with SnHal2 (Hal = Cl, Br) is a well established procedure for the synthesis of anions of type A, [{(CO)5M)SnHal3]-. Conditions are described which, for the same type of procedure, result in the additional formation of dianions of type B, [{(CO)5M}2SnHal2]2-. Procedures for separating these two types of anions in the form of their stable [Ph4P]+ or [nBu4N]+ salts by appropriate salt metathesis are presented. The structures of theses species have been characterized by X-ray analysis of three salts containing type A anions and two salts containing type B anions. The reactivity of the type B salts containing the bulky cations [Ph4P]+ or [nBu4N]+, respectively, is remarkably low; the salts are, however, transformed into highly reactive sodium salts by further metathesis with Na[BPh4]. In such salts the halide substitutents are easily exchanged as shown by the synthesis of ]})CO(5Cr}2oxinato]- (4)- from [Na-(THF)x]2[{(CO)5Cr}2SnCl2] and sodium 8-oxoquinolate, Na[C9H6NO]. The structure of the anion, 4 is compared to the structure of [[(CO)5Cr)SnCl2· THF] and sodium 8-oxochinolate. The preparation of the dinuclear anions [{(CO)5Cr}2E(OOCCH3)2]2- (E = Sn, 2g; E = Pb, 3) is accomplished by the reaction of [Ph4P]2[Cr2(CO)10] with the corresponding acetates E(OOCCH3)2. While 2g and 3 are formal analogues of the type-B anions, their structures reveal an asymmetrical η2-coordination of the two acetato ligands, in each case ending up in a 4+2 coordination for the main group centres, instead of the four-coordination observed for [{(CO)5M}2SnHal2]2-, All compounds have been characterized by usual spetroscopic and analytical techniques. X-ray analyses have been performed for selected examples. 119Sn-NMR data are presented for all of the compounds which contain tin-centred ligands.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Tripodal ligands, chiral ; Iron tris(acetonitrile) tripod complexes ; Chiral triphosphanes ; Conformational analysis ; Ligand exchange ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Fe(NCMe)2+3 Complexes of Chiral Tripod Ligands Bearing three Different Donor Groups: Dynamics and StructureChiral tripod ligands [tripod = CH3C(CH2PR2)(CH2PR′2)(CH2-PR′′2), 1a-d] with three different donor groups react with Fe(NCMe)6(BF4)2 to yield the complexes tripodFe(NCMe)3(BF4)2 (2a-d). These complexes show an idealized octahedral coordination based on a facial coordination of the tripod ligand. The asymmetry of the chiral tripod ligands a-d induces a differentiation of the remaining coordination sites at iron. The structure and the dynamic behaviour of the compounds 2a, b is elucidated by X-ray structural analyses and 2D-NMR techniques.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 605-613 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Pyrazolate complexes ; Dinuclear complexes ; Bridging ligands ; Cobalt ; Conformational analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A series of pyrazole-based potential ligands bearing polydentate amine substituents in the 3- and 5-positions of the heterocycle has been synthesized [3,5-bis(R2NCH2)-pyzH R2N = Me2N(CH2)3NMe (2aH), [Me2N(CH2)3]2N (2bH), (Et2NCH2CH2)2N (2cH)]. Upon reaction with two equivalents of CoCl2 they form complexes LCo2Cl3 (3a-c; L = 2a-c, respectively) which are shown crystallographically to contain a dinuclear metal core bridged by both the pyrazolate unit and a chlorine atom, with each cobalt center carrying a further terminal chlorine atom. Two of the ligand side arms in 3b, c are dangling, thus leading to five-coordination of the cobalt(II) centers in all cases. Addition of two equivalents of NaBPh4 to solutions of 3b, c induced coordination of the formerly dangling side arms to the metal centers by substitution of the terminal chlorine atoms. The resulting compounds [LCo2Cl](BPh4)2 (4b, c, respectively) were characterized by X-ray structure analyses. They can be viewed as dinuclear linked versions of tran-type complexes [(tran = tris(aminoalkyl)amine] with distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination spheres around cobalt(II). Conformational analyses employing force-field calculations were carried out for 4b, c in order to rationalize the conformations observed in the solid state with regard to the accessible conformational space.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Conformational analysis ; Triphos ligands ; Neural networks ; Factor analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The conformational space spanned by tripod metal templates CH3C(CH2Ph2)3M is analysed on the basis of the solid-state structures of 82 tripodCo templates in compounds tripodCoL2 and tripodCoL3. Systematic analysis, including the techniques of conformational space group scatter graphs, principal-component analysis, and partial least squares, reveals a series of basic regularities: The torsion of the phenyl groups is strongly linked to the torsional skew of the bicyclooctane-type framework of the chelate cage. For one sense of this skew there are two classes of low-energy conformation that differ by the helicity of the phenyl arrangement and by the degree of torsional skew in the chelate backbone. From the scatter graphs it is evident that a change in helicity may occur by one- or by two-ring flip mechanisms. The basic regularities found by the above methods are also evident from the analysis of the same data by a neural network approach. The fact that these regularities are found for tripodCoL2 and tripodCoL3, irrespective of the widely different coligands L and crystal environments, means that the conformation of the tripod metal templates is governed by the forces acting within them and not so much by the forces imposed on them by their individual chemical or crystal environment. It is shown that the classifications, although derived from a data basis only containing Co compounds, are characteristic for tripod metal templates irrespective of the specific metal involved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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