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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal and single-nephron function is comparable in thiobutabarbitone- and thiopentone-anaesthetised rats (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 424 (1993), S. 224-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rat ; Renal function ; Micropuncture ; Blood gases ; Anaesthesia ; Thiopentone ; Thiobutabarbitone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The thiobutabarbitone(TB, Inactin)-anaesthetised rat is an extremely widely used preparation for the study of renal function at the whole-organ and nephron levels. The recent withdrawal of TB from the market has made it essential to find an anaesthetic producing experimental conditions as similar as possible to TB to allow comparison of past and future data. Blood gas analysis, clearance and micropuncture studies were therefore performed in rats anaesthetised with TB or the related thiobarbiturate thiopentone (TP) (both 100 mg/ kg body weight) to establish whether the latter meets this requirement. Both barbiturates caused similar transient respiratory depression and acidosis. Mean values (TP versus TB) over the total 8-h observation period for glomerular filtration rate (0.94 versus 1.05 ml/min), urine flow (3.8 versus 4.4 μl/min) and K+ excretion (0.98 versus 1.18 μmol/min) were slightly lower (P〈0.05) in TP rats, whereas renal blood flow (6.26 versus 6.24 ml/min), filtration fraction (0.31 versus 0.34) and Na+ excretion (0.11 versus 0.098 μmol/min) did not differ. The single-nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) (42.1 versus 41.1 nl/min) and fractional reabsorption (42% versus 47%), both measured in the proximal tubule, did not differ, although in the TP group SNGFR rose with time (4.4%/h) whereas the fractional reabsorption did not change significantly; in the TB group SNGFR was constant but fractional reabsorption declined with time (1.5%/h). Fractional reabsorption up to the distal convoluted tubule declined with time, this was more pronounced in the TP group. SNGFR measured at this site did not differ between TP and TB (30.3 versus 30.1 nl/min) but increased with time with TP (2.7%/h). Although renal function under TP is somewhat less stable than under TB, the differences are minor and, given that the latter is also characterised by non-steady-state conditions, it is concluded that TP is a reasonable replacement for TB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384346
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micropuncture studies on the renal handling of 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethylpteridine (1979)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 306 (1979), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: 2.4-diamino-6.7-dialkylpteridine ; Diuretics ; Micropuncture ; Tubular transport ; Rat kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excretion of the diuretic substance DADMP (2.4-diamino-6.7-dimethylpteridine) and of DMP (6.7-dimethylpterin) was studied on single nephrons of the rat kidney using microperfusion and microinjection techniques. In the proximal tubule only DADMP was reabsorbed to a significant degree. Fractional reabsorption rate was independent of the load applied and the permeability constant was found to be 2.2·10−4 cm·s−1. Similar results were obtained in nephrons in which the substances, with inulin, were injected from middle proximal tubular puncture sites and recovered in the urine. DMP appeared in the urine quantitatively and simultaneously with the injected inulin. DADMP recovery, however, was only 20–30% of the injected load during the injection period and after 2 h some 70% was recovered from the urine of both kidneys. The reabsorbed fractions were independent of the loads applied, which varied between 2·10−13 mol·min−1 and 10−9 mol·min−1. A comparison of the microperfusion and the microinfusion data suggests that the reabsorption of DADMP occurs predominantly in the proximal convolution, and it appears that the differences between the renal handling of DMP and DADMP are explicable by their different lipid solubilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00507116
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbohydrate ingestion and hormonal responses on ratings of perceived exertion during prolonged cycling and running (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 80 (1999), S. 92-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Carbohydrate supplementation ; Blood glucose ; Cortisol ; Growth hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to determine the influence of exercise mode, and 6% carbohydrate (C) versus placebo (P) beverage ingestion, on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and hormonal regulation to 2.5 h of high-intensity running and cycling (≈75% maximum oxygen uptake) by ten triathletes who acted as their own controls. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. The pattern of change in RPE over time was significantly different between C and P ingestion (P 〈 0.001) and between running and cycling modes (P = 0.001). The lowest RPE values were seen in the C-cycling sessions and the highest in the P-running sessions. The pattern of change in the respiratory exchange ratio and fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were significantly different between the C and P conditions but not between the running and cycling modes. C relative to P ingestion (but not exercise mode) was associated with higher plasma levels of glucose and insulin and lower plasma cortisol and growth hormone levels. The pattern of change in plasma levels of catecholamines and lactate did not differ between the C and P conditions. These data indicate that a lower RPE was associated with a higher level of carbohydrate oxidation, higher plasma glucose and insulin levels, and lower plasma cortisol and growth hormone levels during cycle exercise following C supplementation as compared to P feeding. These findings support a physiological link between RPE and carbohydrate substrate availability as well as selected hormonal regulation during cycle exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050563
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saliva immunoglobulins in elite women rowers (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 81 (2000), S. 222-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Rowing ; Infection ; Cortisol ; Catecholamines ; Carbohydrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Saliva immunoglobulins (sIgA, sIgG, and sIgM) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) rates were evaluated in 20 elite female rowers and 19 nonathletes. Also, the influence of carbohydrate versus placebo beverage consumption on saliva immunoglobulin responses to rowing training sessions was measured in 15 rowers and in 5 non-exercising rowers. Saliva samples were collected 1 day before, and 5–10 min and 1.5 h after rowing or rest. Pre-exercise sIgA (but not sIgG or sIgM) concentration was 77% higher in the rowers compared to nonathletes (P 〈 0.001). Health records kept over 2 months revealed mean 5.2 (SEM 1.2) and 3.3 (SEM 1.1) days with URTI symptoms for the rowers and controls, respectively. For all 39 subjects, and for the 20 rowers separately, no significant correlation was found between URTI symptoms or insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone concentrations and pre-exercise or exercise-related changes in saliva immunoglobulin concentrations or secretion rates. The patterns of change in saliva immunoglobulin concentration and secretion rate did not differ between the carbohydrate and placebo rowing trials, or between exercised and rested athletes. These data indicated an increased sIgA concentration in the female elite rowers compared to the nonathletes, no association between saliva immunoglobulins and URTI, and no effect of a normal 2-hour training session or carbohydrate ingestion on saliva immunoglobulin concentrations or secretion rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050034
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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