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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 35 (1976), S. 221-227 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Anticholinesterase agents ; Clearance ; Demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide ; Dimethoate ; Hemodialysis ; Hemoperfusion ; Intoxication ; Nitrostigmine ; Organophosphate ; Therapy ; Anticholinesterasen ; Clearance ; Demeton-S-methylsulfoxid ; Dimethoat ; Hämodialyse ; Hämoperfusion ; Intoxikation ; Nitrostigmin ; Organophosphate ; Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde untersucht, ob extracorporale Hämodialyse oder Hämoperfusion mit beschichteter Aktivkohle bei Vergiftungen mit Nitrostigmin, Demeton-S-methylsulfoxid oder Dimethoat zur Elimination der Organophosphate eingesetzt werden können. Nitrostigmin war nicht hämodialysabel. Die beiden anderen Organophosphate dagegen ließen sich gut durch Hämodialyse aus dem Blut eliminieren. Bei einem Blutfluß von 100 ml/min betrug die Clearance für Demeton-S-methylsulfoxid 52,98 ml/min und für Dimethoat 59,07 ml/min. Die Clearancewerte durch Hämoperfusion mit beschichteter Aktivkohle waren unter gleichen Versuchsbedingungen höher. Sie betrugen für Demeton-S-methylsulfoxid 83,70 ml/min und für Dimethoat 87,84 ml/min. Auch Nitrostigmin konnte durch Hämoperfusion aus dem Blut entfernt werden; die Clearance betrug 59,20 ml/min. Bei einem Patienten mit Nitrostigmin-Intoxikation in suicidaler Absicht ließen sich die o. g. Ergebnisse der in vitro-Hämoperfusion bestätigen.
    Notes: Abstract Whether or not extracorporeal hemodialysis or hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal might be used in eliminating organophosphates following poisoning with nitrostigmine, demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide, or dimethoate was here examined. Nitrostigmine could not be hemodialysed. The other two organophosphates, on the other hand could be well eliminated from the blood by hemodialysis. The clearance rates for demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate were 52.98 ml/min and 59.07 ml/min respectively, at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The clearance values for hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal were higher under the same trial conditions, the values being 83.70 ml/min for demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and 87.84 ml/min for dimethoate. Nitrostigmine, too, could be eliminated from the blood by hemoperfusion, its clearance being 59.20 ml/min. These results from in vitro hemoperfusion were verified on a patient admitted with nitrostigmine intoxication following attempted suicide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 2 (1976), S. 13-18 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Anticholinesterase agents ; Blood exchange transfusion ; Demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide ; Dimethoate ; Haemodialysis ; Nitrostigmine ; Organophosphates ; Parathion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human blood was contaminated with nitrostigmine, dimethoate and demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide. It was then dialysed, concentrations of organophosphates were determined and dialysance values calculated. The influence of blood exchange transfusion on poison elimination as well as on the cholinesterase activity of blood, brain and muscle was studied in rats poisoned with nitrostigmine. Haemodialysis was found to be quite an effective method for eliminating demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate, dialysance values of 52.98 ml/min and 59.07 ml/min being found for demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate respectively. Nitrostigmine could not be removed by haemodialysis. These findings suggest that haemodialysis could be of therapeutic value in the treatment of severe demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate poisoning in man. By blood exchange transfusion only 0.06% of the injected dose of nitrostigmine could be removed from the body of poisoned rats. Acetylcholinesterase activity increased only briefly in the period of blood exchange transfusion and decreased gradually afterwards. The enzymatic activity of brain and muscle was unaffected. Therefore, blood exchange transfusion has, if any at all, only poor therapeutic properties in nitrostigmine intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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