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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a major neutrophil chemotaxin from human alveolar macrophages stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 386-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Schlagwort(e): Interleukin-8 ; Staphylococcal enterotoxin A ; Macrophages ; Neutrophils ; Inflammation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Since Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, and infection of the lungs in characterized by neutrophil infiltration we studied the role of a staphylococcal toxin, enterotoxin A (SEA) on the synthesis and secretion of IL-8 by human alveolar macrophages. As SEA concentration was increased, the IL-8 accumulation in the macrophage conditioned medium increased. The concentration of mRNA encoding IL-8 was also elevated in the macrophage in response to increases in SEA concentration. Although the monocytic cell line U937 was able to respond to SEA and secrete IL-8, treatment with PMA prior to SEA stimulation increased the IL-8 accumulation around fifty fold indicating that maturation of the undifferentiated cell to a more macrophage-like cell facilitated IL-8 accumulation. Stimulating human alveolar macrophages with high concentrations of SEA caused an increase in IL-1 accumulation. However, when the cells were incubated with SEA in the presence of IL-1 receptor antagonist, there was no decrease in IL-8 accumulation. Addition of a neutralizing anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody to the culture medium of SEA-stimulated macrophages significantly reduced the neutrophil chemotactic activity of the medium. These studies showed that IL-8 is a major neutrophil chemotaxin from human alveolar macrophages stimulated with SEA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252933
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peptide inhibitor of interleukin-8 (IL-8) reduces staphylococcal enterotoxin-A (SEA) induced neutrophil trafficking to the lung (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Schlagwort(e): Interleukin-8 ; Inhibitor ; Sepsis ; Neutrophils ; Lung
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is a superantigen, produced by some strains ofStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which can cause a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from food poisoning to shock. SEA can also stimulate human alveolar macrophages to produce interleukin-8 (IL-8), a member of the α-chemokine subfamily that activates and is chemotactic for neutrophils. In these studies we showed that in rabbits, intravenous SEA significantly decreased the circulating white blood cell population from a baseline value of 6409±2027×103 cells/ml to 1943±862×103 cells/ml in 7 h. There was a concommitent increase in IL-8 in the circulating plasma (baseline: 60±34 pg/ml, 7 h post SEA: 109±64 pg/ml). The increase in circulating IL-8 was accompanied by a much greater increase in the IL-8 concentration of the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) where the IL-8 increased from 0.05±0.08 ng/ml (control) to 13.8±9.3 ng/ml (SEA treated). The increase in IL-8 concentration in the alveolar spaces was paralleled by an increase in both the percentage of neutrophils (1.4±0.9% (control) to 26.0±10.8% (SEA treated)) and total number of neutrophils (0.04±0.02×106/ml (control) to 4.8±3.3 106/ml (SEA treated)) in the airspaces, and the numbers of neutrophils in the ELF correlated with the IL-8 concentration r=0.62, p=0.006). When antileukinate, a hexapeptide which inhibits the binding of IL-8 to neutrophils, was administered to animals receiving SEA, the IL-8 concentration in the ELF (14.8±10.7 ng/ml) was not significantly different from the concentration of IL-8 in those animals receiving SEA alone). However, both the percentage of neutrophils (9.5±3.2%), and the total number of neutrophils (1.3±1.0×106/ml) in the ELF following SEA and antileukinate administration was significantly lower than in animals which only received SEA (p〈0.05). The findings suggest that SEA released into the circulation during a Staphylococcal infection can cause an inflammatory reaction in the lung. Since this reaction is at least partially mediated by IL-8, antileukinate may have pharmacologic potential in reducing the inflammatory reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252934
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Jerusalem seventy year olds longitudinal study (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 11 (1995), S. 675-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Schlagwort(e): Cohort study ; Elderly ; Longitudinal study ; Population study
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The main objectives of our first cross-section of a longitudinal study of a cohort of 70 year olds in Jerusalem, are to survey the social and medical conditions of the heterogeneous elderly population and to contribute to the knowledge of aging processes for specific age-groups. Whereas, most previous surveys were conducted on homogeneous and stable population groups, the elderly of Jerusalem provide the basis for ethnographic comparisons and for assessing the impact of profound historical and personal changes. From a representative systematic sample (from a geographically sorted electoral register) of 759 persons, 605 persons replied to our home-visit questionnaire gathering data on migration history, dwelling conditions, health status, health service utilization, employment status, activities of daily living, social support, use of drugs and war experience. Later on, 463 persons attended our geriatric research institute where we gathered information from in-depth anamnesis and physical examination, as well as cognitive and psychological tests. In addition, a battery of biochemical and hematological blood tests were performed as well as urine analysis and culture, ECG and pulmonary function tests. The heterogeneity of our cohort population is demonstrated by the finding that 84% were born in 40 different countries outside of Israel. In contrast, in the seventy-year old population studied in Gothenburg, Sweden, only 3% were not native born. In the years 1996, 2001 and 2006, our initial study cohort will be re-examined and compared to control groups representing states of no-survey intervention until ages 75, 80 and 85 years old. This background paper describes the study design, protocols and procedures. The responders were found to be representative of the 70 year old Jewish population in Jerusalem as a whole, in terms of mortality and hospital utilization rates. The results of the study to be reported in subsequent papers will allow conclusions regarding all 70 year old Jews in Jerusalem to be made.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01720302
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Jerusalem seventy year olds longitudinal study (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 11 (1995), S. 685-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Schlagwort(e): Cohort study ; Elderly ; Longitudinal study ; Population study
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Basic background information is presented from a representative sample of 605 West Jerusalem Jewish residents aged 70 years in 1990/91. A follow-up survey of the original cohort is planned for 1996, in addition to a similar sized control group of persons not studied in 1990/91. This paper describes the demographic characteristics, marital status, household composition, migration patterns, language comprehension, education, employment status, religious practices, household conditions, health status, health service utilization, health practices, use of medications, social contacts and activities of daily living of the study population. Only 16% of the study population were born in Israel, the remainder were born in forty different countries in four continents. This article also presents some ethnic comparisons within our cohort. Some significant differences were found between ethnic sub-groups in self-reported chronic diseases. However, many of these differences disappeared when socio-economic covariates were considered. Differences were also found when specific countries were considered. Compared to Polish-born Jews, Moroccan-born Jews had lower economic status, less education, more family contacts and less faith in physicians. Moroccan-born Jews also reported more morbidity for cerebrovascular disorders, emphysema and glaucoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01720303
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