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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myosin polymorphism in single fibers of chronically stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscle (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 408 (1987), S. 444-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Fiber types ; C fibers ; Single fiber analysis ; Myosin light and heavy chains ; Chronic stimulation ; Contralateral effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were indirectly stimulated (10 Hz, 24 h/d) for 30 d and 60 d and single fibers were analysed using a combined histochemical and biochemical technique (Staron and Pette 1986, 1987a, b). After 30 d of chronic stimulation there was a pronounced increase in the normally rare (0.5%) C fiber population (i.e., fibers containing slow- and fast-myosins in varying ratios). At this time, C fibers amounted to almost 60% of the total population. In the 60 d stimulated muscles, the major population (98%) consisted of an atypical type It fiber. This fiber type which was not detectable in normal TA muscle, differed histochemically and biochemically from type I fibers. It contained the slow-myosin light chains LC1s and LC2s, the heavy chain HCI, and, in addition, high concentrations of the fast-myosin alkali light chain LC1f and possibly traces of a heavy chain with an electrophoretic mobility comparable with that of the fast-myosin heavy chain HCIIa. These It fibers were occasionally observed in the unstimulated, contralateral TA muscles which also contained an increased population of C fibers (1.3–6.3%). Although the transformation even after 60 d of chronic stimulation was incomplete, these changes demonstrate the ability of muscle fibers to adapt in a specific manner to altered functional demands brought about by an altered stimulus pattern. In addition, the pronounced heterogeneity of the fiber population undergoing transformation indicates a nonuniform response to a uniform stimulus pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585067
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species-specific responses of muscle lactate dehydrogenase isozymes to increased contractile activity (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 413 (1989), S. 679-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Chronic, low-frequency nerve stimulation ; Fast-twitch skeletal muscle ; Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes ; Species differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes were performed in normal and chronically stimulated (10 Hz, 10 h/d) tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of the mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit. The electrophoretic mobilities of the individual LDH isozymes of normal muscles revealed speciesspecific patterns. Stimulation up to 28 days evoked increases in the percentage of the H-subunit of LDH. The absolute increase was highest in the rabbit, intermediate in the guinea pig and rat, and lowest in the mouse. The extent of the M- to H-subunit exchange, thus, appeared to be inversely correlated with the basal aerobic-oxidative capacities of the investigated muscles. In addition, a relationship between the expression of the H-subunit or LDH and the increase in aerobic-oxidative capacity became evident from these stimulation-induced processes of metabolic adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581821
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipsi- and contralateral fibre transformations by cross-reinnervation. A principle of symmetry (1983)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 397 (1983), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cross-reinnervation ; Fibre transformation ; Enzyme activity pattern ; LDH isozymes ; Myosin light chains ; Contralateral effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cross-reinnervation of rabbit soleus muscle by the peroneal nerve induces a 90% transformation of slow into fast fibres. These changes are reflected in corresponding transformations of the enzyme activity pattern of energy metabolism, the isozyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase and, in confirmation of previous results (Srihari et al. 1981), transitions from a slow to a fast type myosin light chain pattern. The transformation process appears to be complete after 6 months. Similar changes, although less extensive are also found in the soleus muscle of the contralateral leg. Fibre type transitions in the contralateral muscle are not accompanied by fibre type grouping, as seen in the cross-reinnervated muscle and therefore these changes appear to result from a transformation of the motor units themselves. This phenomenon is interpreted as a compensatory process in maintaining symmetry within the neuromotor system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584358
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species-specific effects of chronic nerve stimulation upon tibialis anterior muscle in mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit (1988)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 412 (1988), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Chronic, low-frequency nerve stimulation ; Enzyme activities ; Energy metabolism ; Fast-twitch skeletal muscle ; Species differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit was indirectly stimulated for 10 h/day at 10 Hz up to 28 days. Changes in the activity levels of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), citrate synthase (CS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) were compared. Although the direction of changes in the enzyme activity pattern was in accordance with previous findings on rabbit TA, the magnitude of the responses varied markedly between themammals under study. Mouse TA was almost unaffected. A major effect of chronic stimulation in rat, guinea pig and rabbit was an increase in enzyme activities of aerobic-oxidative metabolism. According to intrinsic differences of the muscles under study, the increases varied among the species and appeared to be inversely related to the basal levels of these enzymes in the unstimulated muscles. Conversely, glycolytic enzyme activities (PFK, GAPDH, LDH) markedly decreased in rat, guinea pig, and rabbit, and were only slightly reduced in mouse. Changes in HK and HBDH activities displayed the largest variations in the induced change between species. These results indicate species-specific patterns of metabolic adaptation to increased contractile activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583735
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipsi- and contralateral changes in rabbit soleus myosins by cross-reinnervation (1981)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 390 (1981), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cross-reinnervation ; Myosin light chains ; Isomyosins ; Contralateral effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cross-reinnervation of soleus muscle in the adult rabbit induces changes in myosin light chain and isomyosin patterns. The transformation of the light chain pattern consists of a decrease in LC1′s and LC2s and an induction of the three fast type myosin light chains. The transition in the isomyosin pattern consists of a decrease of the slow type isomyosin SM and an induction of fast type isomyosins FM1, FM2 and FM3 normally seen in fast-twitch rabbit muscle. An additional isomyosin of intermediate electrophoretic mobility, which resembles isomyosin 4 of rat muscle, is induced. These changes are not restricted to the cross-reinnervated soleus muscle but are also seen, although to a lesser extent, in the contralateral soleus muscle. It is suggested that the altered afferent activity brought about by cross-reinnervation, is neurally transmitted to the opposite side and leads to a change in efferent activity to the contralateral muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658269
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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