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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary LDH-release for evaluation of postischemic renal function (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 477-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Enzymes ; HTK-solution ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Organ Protection ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following renal ischemia under protection, the perfusion of the tubular system increases concomitant to the rise of GFR. The transport into urine of enzymes entering the tubular lumen due to ischemic injury is dependent on tubular flow. Thus, we examined if in the early post-ischemic phase urinary enzyme determinations can contribute to the evaluation of a changing tubular washout. Canine kidneys were perfused with different protective solutions and subsequently rendered ischemic. From the beginning of reperfusion the endogenous creatinine clearance, the urine minute volume and the urinary LDH-concentration were determined. The urinary LDH-concentration allowed only a rough assessment of renal ischemic damage. The adjustment of the urinary LDH amounts to the GFR resulted in a better graduation according to the ischemic stress. With such a standardized LDH parameter the urinary LDH release was somewhat lower on the average when L-aspartate was added to the HTK solution in place of chloride. In conclusion, during the early postischemic recovery after renal protection the examination of the urinary enzyme release may be a useful diagnostic means for the assessment of the extent of the ischemic injury if an appropriate frame of reference is applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01721673
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term perfusion and “Equilibration” of canine kidneys with protective solutions (1987)
    Springer
    Urological research 15 (1987), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Kidney perfusion ; Equilibration ; HTK-solution ; Euro-Collins-solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kidneys were perfused either with Euro-Collinssolution or with HTK-solution of Bretschneider. The perfusion pressure as well as the perfusion flow were measured during a six-minute perfusion. The perfusion resistance was higher in Euro-Collins-kidneys than during HTK-perfusion. The venous outflow of the kidney as well as the ureteral outflow was measured during each minute of the perfusion and has analysed for osmolality, and for sodium and potassium concentrations. In Euro-Collins-kidneys a complete “equilibration” of the extracellular space was not achieved, while during HTK-perfusion concentrations in the venous as in the tubular outflow, similar to those in the HTK-solution itself, could be reached. At the end of the different perfusions, tissue was analysed for biochemical parameters such as ATP, ADP, AMP and lactate as well as for morphological features. Lactate had increased and ATP had decreased during perfusion with Euro-Collins-solution, while ATP had not changed and lactate had decreased during perfusion with HTK-solution. Normal glomerular, tubular and dilated vascular structures can be seen after HTK-perfusion, while a glomerular and vascular contraction takes place during Euro-Collins-perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256327
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of glucose in protected ischemic kidneys (1987)
    Springer
    Urological research 15 (1987), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Euro-Collins-solution ; Glucose ; HTK-solution ; Intrarenal pH ; Lactate ; Renal ischemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Energy reserves (TAN) and anaerobic substrates (glucose, glycogen) are lower in renal than in myocardial tissue. Euro-Collins-solution contains nearly 200 mmol/l glucose, while the HTK-solution of Bretschneider contains none. Therefore the influence of glucose on kidney lactate production, on energy reserves (TAN), intrarenal pH and on morphology during the protection of ischemic kidneys was analysed using either Euro-Collins-solution, or modified “Euro-Collins-solution”, containing mannitol instead of glucose, or HTK-solution with and without the addition of 5, 10 and 20 mmol/l glucose. Glucose content changed during kidney perfusion with Euro-Collins-solution from about 60 to 800 μmol/gdw. While intrarenal pH decreased from 7.1 to 5.1 in Euro-Collins-kidneys during 420 min of ischemia at 25°C, pH decreased to 6.7 with the modified, mannitol containing “Euro-Collins-solution”. In HTK-protected kidneys intrarenal pH decreased with increasing glucose addition to the solution. Although Total Adenine Nucleotides are highest at the end of ischemia with Euro-Collins-solution, structural protection after the same ischemic stress was best in HTK-protected kidneys without glucose addition. We conclude that glucose stimulated lactate production, reduced interstitial pH in the kidney even in combination with a highly buffered solution and that it might cause greater membrane permeability leading to a structural detoriation. Mannitol seemed more appropriate than glucose in this respect, although other substances, which provide energy substrate and prevent structural damage, may exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraischemic metabolic effects of different disaccharides on protected canine kidneys (1989)
    Springer
    Urological research 17 (1989), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: HTK-solution ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Metabolism ; Saccharides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The addition of the dissaccharides maltose (10, 20, 30 mM) and sucrose (30, 60 mM) to Bretschneider's organ protective HTK solution was evaluated to improve renal protection by an enhanced glycolytic energy supply. Canine kidneys were perfused for 8 min with either HTK solution or HTK solution containing additional disaccharides. After nephrectomy the kidneys were incubated at 25°C and metabolic parameters were determined at regular intervals. Maltose and sucrose are slowly cleaved during renal ischemia but maltose distinctly faster than sucrose. Maltose increases intraischemic ATP supply. However, 30 mM maltose was no better than 10 mM. 60 mM sucrose was about as effective for glycolysis as 10 mM maltose. However, possibly due to fructose release there was an accelerated decrease of adenine nucleotides with sucrose. Although fructose enters glycolysis it seems to have negative side-effects. Hence, probably neither sucrose nor fructose are appropriate for renal substrate supply during ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00510529
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of amino acids in protective solutions to postischemic functional recovery of canine kidneys (1989)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 189 (1989), S. 381-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Amino acids ; HTK-solution ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Organ protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amino acids are known to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There is also an early resumption of filtration following 2-h renal ischemic stress under protection by histidine-buffered histidine-tryptophanketoglutarate solution (HTK), possibly due in part to an amino acid effect. Hence, we have examined the possibility of further enhancing the postischemic GFR by adding 32 (ASP I; 4 mM Mg2+) or 36 (ASP II; 6 mM Mg2+) mM l-aspartate (asp) or 32 mM dl-aspartate (ASP III) to the HTK solution in place of chloride. After infusion of 500 ml 5% glucose, canine kidneys were protected by an 8-min perfusion with HTK (n = 5), ASP I (n = 4), ASP II (n = 5) or ASP III-solution (n = 3). The subsequent ischemia lasted for 2 h at 27–31°C. During reperfusion, both GFR and filtration fraction (FF) were higher in kidneys protected byl-aspartate-containing solutions. ASP III showed no improvement against HTK. An additional preischemic intraaortal application of HTK or ASP I solution just above the exit of the renal arteries prior to the intrinsic protective perfusion further raised the postischemic GFR. The present results suggest thatl-aspartate but also histidine may have favorable amino acid effects in renal protective solutions in addition to known positive effects of histidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01855006
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic, energetic and structural changes in protected and unprotected kidneys at temperatures of 1 °C and 25 °C (1988)
    Springer
    Urological research 16 (1988), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Energy metabolism ; Euro-Collins-solution ; HTK-solution ; Kidney preservation ; Intrarenal pH ; Renal ischemia ; Structural preservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 110 canine kidneys, we examined the time course of energy rich phosphates, lactate, intrarenal ph and renal morphology with Euro-Collins-or with HTK-protection of Bretschneider and compared these findings with unprotected kidneys during complete ischemia at 1 °C and at 25 °C. Both kidney protective solutions prolonged energyrich phosphate-decline by a factor of 3–4 compared with that of unprotected kidneys. The lactate increase was greater in Euro-Collins-protected kidneys than in HTK-protected and in unprotected kidneys, leading to pH values of 6.5 in Euro-Collins and to 6.4 in unprotected kidneys after 24 hours, in contrast to a pH-value of 7.3 with HTK-protection. This may be the reason for structural deterioration seen in unprotected and in Euro-Collins-protected kidneys after 12, and 48 h of ischemia at 1 °C, whereas in HTK-protected kidneys a sufficient preservation of structure can be seen. In one human kidney, protected with Euro-Collins-solution, we were able to show that at 1 °C intrarenal pH and lactate accumulation is similiar to the levels in canine kidneys. In Euro-Collins preserved kidneys lactate accumulation at 25 °C is even greater than at 1 °C, leading to inhibition of energy metabolism and to structural deterioration, whereas HTK-solution, because of its high buffer concentration, is able to maintain ischemic metabolism leading to sufficient protection of intrarenal pH and of adenine nucleotides as well as structural protection at 1 °C and at 25 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264631
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